ESSENTIALS OF DRAFTING: MECHANICAL AND MACHINE DRAWING
1 Sheet Layout & Drafting Equipment 1 11 Sheet Sizes 1 2 Linetypes and Scale 9 21 Linetypes 9 22 Scale 12 3 Dimensioning 15 31 General Principles of Dimensioning 15 32 Applications 15 33 Method of Dimensioning 16 34 Indication of Linear and Angular Tolerances on Technical Drawing 27 4 Conventional Representation Using SP – 46 (1988) 31 41 Long and Short Break Line used for Rods, Shafts and Pipes 31 42 Conventional Representation of Threaded Parts 34 43 Conventional Representation of Gears on Technical Drawings 35 44 Standard Convention of Different Types of Sections 39 45 Conventional Representation of Square Ends and Openings 42 46 Parts Located in Front of a Cutting Plane 42 47 Views of Symmetrical Parts 42 48 Interrupted Views 42 49 Simplified Representation of Repetitive Features 42 410 Elements on a Larger Scale 43 411 Initial Outlines 43 412 Use of Colours 43 413 Transparent Objects 43 5 Limits, Fits and Tolerances 45 51 Reference Temperature 45 52 Tolerances of Parts 45 53 Fits 46 54 Symbols for Tolerances, Deviations and Fits 46 55 Selection of Fits 48 56 Systems of Fits 48 57 Classification of Fits 48 58 Choice of Fits and Tolerances 49 59 Recommendations 51 510 General Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimension’s 51 6 Surface Texture and Welding Symbol 55 61 Surface Texture 55 62 Welding Symbol Used in the Drawing 61 7 Intersection of Solids 67 71 Introduction 67 72 Applications 67 73 About Curve of Intersection 67 74 Methods of Drawing the Curve of Intersection 68 75 Intersection of Cylinder and Cylinder 69 76 Intersection of Prism and Prism 76 77 Intersection of Cylinder and Prism 79 78 Intersection of Cylinder and Cone 83 8 Surface Development 85 81 Types of Solids 85 82 Methods of Development 86 9 Orthographic Views and Sections 101 91 Orthographic Projection Procedure 101 92 Orthographic Views 102 93 Construction of Views in Drawing Sheet 102 94 Views and their Directions 102 95 Construction Methods of Multiview Projection 103 96 First-Angle Projection 103 97 Pictorial View to Orthographic View 103 98 Spacing of Views and Starting of Drawing 104 99 Sectional Views 113 910 Types of Sectional Views 113 911 Different Sections Used in Engineering Drawing 114 10 DETAIL AND ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS 123 101 Working Drawings 123 102 Detail Drawings 123 103 Assembly Drawings 123 104 Different Types of Removable Fasteners 124 105 Key Joint 124 106 Types of Keys 124 107 Cotter and Knuckle Joints 130 108 Types of Cotter Joints 131 109 Socket and Spigot Cotter Joint 131 1010 Dimensions for Socket and Spigot Cotter Joint in Respect of Shaft Diameter (or Inside Diameter of Socket or Diameter of Spigot) 131 1011 Knuckle Joint 135 1012 Dimensioning for Knuckle Joints 136 1013 Screw Threads, Nuts & Bolts 138 1014 Screw Threads 138 1015 Nomenclature of Screw Thread 138 1016 Form of the Screw Threads 140 1017 Metric Thread 141 1018 Square Thread 143 1019 Acme Thread 144 1020 Buttress Thread 144 1021 Round or Knuckle Thread 144 1022 Direction of Screw Threads 144 1023 Multistart Threads 145 1024 Conventional Representation of Thread 146 1025 Fastenings With Nuts and Bolts 147 1026 Special Nuts and their Applications 152 1027 Washer 153 1028 Bolts 154 1029 Bearings 158 1030 Types of Bearing 158 1031 Sliding Bearings 159 1032 Shaft Coupling 168 1033 Rigid Coupling 168 1034 Flexible Couplings 174 1035 Pulleys 179 1036 Gears and Gearing 184 1037 Different Types of Gears 184 1038 Spur Gear Nomenclature 186 1039 Gear Tooth Calculations 189 1039 Drawing Procedure of Spur Gear 190 1040 Lathe Tool Post 194 1041 Lathe Tail Stock 196 1042 Pipe Vice 200 1043 Machine Vice 203 1044 Drilling Jigs 207 1045 Steam Stop Valve 211 1046 Screw Jack 212 1047 Piston, Piston Rings and Connecting Rod 216