ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

By S. MALAL

1 Introduction to Graphics Communications, 1 Objectives, 1 11 Introduction, 1 12 Technical Drawing Tools, 3 13 Computer-Aided Drawing Tools, 5 14 Traditional Tools, 5 15 Media, 6 16 Alphabet of Lines, 6 17 What You Will Learn, 8 18 Future Trends, 8 Problems, 10 2 Sketching and Text, 17 Objectives, 17 21 Technical Sketching, 17 22 Sketching Technique, 21 23 Proportions and Construction Lines, 29 24 Introduction to Projections, 30 25 Multiview Sketching Technique, 45 26 Multiview Sketches, 47 27 Perspective Projection, 51 28 Lettering, 56 Questions for Review, 57 Problems, 57 3 Section and Auxiliary Views, 80 Objectives, 80 31 Sectioning Basics, 80 32 Cutting Plane Lines, 84 33 Section Line Practices, 84 34 Section View Types, 87 35 Special Sectioning Conventions, 93 36 Auxiliary View Projection Theory, 96 Questions for Review, 103 Problems, 103 4 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Practices, 127 Objectives, 127 41 Dimensioning, 127 42 Size and location dimensions, 127 43 Detail Dimensioning, 134 44 Tolerancing, 139 45 Tolerance Representation, 139 46 Thread Notes, 145 Questions for Review, 147 Problems, 148 5 Reading and Constructing Working Drawings, 155 Objectives, 155 51 Basic Concepts, 155 52 Working Drawings, 156 Questions for Review, 166 Problems, 166 6 Design and 3-D Modeling, 185 Objectives, 185 61 Engineering Design, 185 62 3-D Modeling, 187 63 Constraint-Based Modeling, 191 64 Feature-Based Modeling, 193 65 3-D Modeling and the Design Process, 194 Questions for Review, 194 Problems, 196