PUMPS AND HYDRAULICS
CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PUMPS AND HYDRAULICS CHAPTER BASIC FLUID PRINCIPLES PHYSICS MATTER BODY ENERGY HEAT PRESSURE BAROMETER GRAVITY FORCE MOTION FRICTION WORK AND POWER BASIC MACHINES LEVER WHEEL AND AXLE PULLEY INCLINED PLANE SCREW WEDGE WATER PROPERTIES OF WATER WITH RESPECT TO PUMP DESIGN PRESSURE AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS COMPRESSIBILITY OF WATER AIR HUMIDITY WEIGHT OF AIR SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS CHAPTER PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULICS BASIC PRINCIPLES HYDROSTATICS STATIC HEAD STATIC LIFT DISPLACEMENT BUOYANCY HYDROSTATIC PARADOX HYDROSTATIC BALANCE HYDRODYNAMICS DYNAMIC HEAD DYNAMIC LIFT TOTAL COLUMN FRICTION OF WATER IN PIPES FLOW OF WATER MEASUREMENT OF WATER FLOW SIPHON FLOW THROUGH ORI?CES SPECI?C GRAVITY PART II PUMPS CHAPTER CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS PUMPS HAVING STRAIGHT VANES PUMP HAVING CURVED VANES THE VOLUTE CURVATURE OF THE IMPELLER VANES BASIC CLASSI?CATION SINGLE-STAGE PUMP MULTISTAGE PUMP IMPELLERS BALANCING CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS CASING OR HOUSING IMPELLER STUF?NG-BOX ASSEMBLY BEARINGS AND HOUSINGS SHAFT ASSEMBLY DRIVE INSTALLATION LOCATION FOUNDATION LEVELING GROUTING INLET PIPING DISCHARGE PIPING PUMPS HANDLING HIGH-TEMPERATURE LIQUIDS OPERATION PRIMING STARTING THE PUMP STOPPING THE PUMP ABNORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS TROUBLESHOOTING REDUCED CAPACITY OR PRESSURE AND FAILURE TO DELIVER WATER LOSES WATER AFTER STARTING PUMP OVERLOADS DRIVER PUMP VIBRATES POINTERS ON PUMP OPERATION MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR LATERAL END CLEARANCES PARTS RENEWALS POINTERS ON ASSEMBLY CORROSION-RESISTING CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS TYPICAL APPLICATION — PLATING CORROSION-RESISTING PUMP INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE CORROSION-RESISTING PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING PUMP-END ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY GOOD SAFETY PRACTICES IMPELLER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS VELOCITY OF IMPELLER TOTAL HYDRAULIC LOAD OR LIFT VELOCITY HEAD ROTARY PUMPS PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION GEAR-TYPE PUMPS VANE-TYPE PUMPS PISTON-TYPE PUMPS CONSTRUCTION INSTALLATION AND OPERATION ALIGNMENT DRIVES FOR ROTARY GEAR PUMPS POWER FOR DRIVING PUMPS PIPING DIRECTION OF ROTATION STARTING AND OPERATING THE PUMP PRACTICAL INSTALLATION TYPES OF GEAR PUMPS PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE ROTARY PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING NO LIQUID DELIVERED INSUF?CIENT LIQUID DELIVERED PUMP DELIVERS FOR A SHORT PERIOD, THEN QUITS RAPID WEAR PUMP REQUIRES TOO MUCH POWER NOISY OPERATION CALCULATIONS CORRECT SIZE OF PUMP FRICTION LOSS IN RUBBER HOSE DYNAMIC COLUMN OR TOTAL LOAD HORSEPOWER REQUIRED RECIPROCATING PUMPS LIFT PUMPS FORCE PUMPS SELF-PRIMING OR SIPHON PUMPS LIFT SIZE OF DISCHARGE PIPE HEAD PISTON SPEED SLIP CAPACITY EF?CIENCY SPECIAL-SERVICE PUMPS SERVICE PUMPS CHEMICAL AND PROCESS PUMPS CONTENTS PUMPS FOR MEDICAL USE PUMPS FOR HANDLING OF SEWAGE OTHER SPECIAL-SERVICE PUMPS MAGMA PUMPS SUMP PUMPS IRRIGATION PUMPS DIAPHRAGM-TYPE PUMPS OPEN-DIAPHRAGM PUMP ADVANTAGES OF DIAPHRAGM PUMPS SHALLOW-WELL AND DEEP-WELL PUMPS RUBBER IMPELLER PUMPS MARINE APPLICATIONS TUBING PUMPS BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION LUBRICATING THE TUBING VARIABLE SPEED TYPES AVAILABLE AIR DRIVEN PUMP MULTI-TUBE PUMPS CHEMICAL PUMPING PART III HYDRAULICS CHAPTER HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATORS BASIC CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION TYPES OF ACCUMULATORS WEIGHT-LOADED SPRING-LOADED ACCUMULATORS AIR- OR GAS-TYPE ACCUMULATORS SHOCK ABSORBERS OR ALLEVIATORS AIR AND VACUUM CHAMBERS AIR CHAMBERS VACUUM CHAMBERS ACCUMULATOR CIRCUITS POWER TRANSMISSION HYDRAULIC DRIVES BASIC OPERATING PRINCIPLES TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION TANGENTIAL DECELERATION TYPES OF HYDRAULIC DRIVES FLUID DRIVE HYDRAULIC DRIVE TWIN-DISK HYDRAULIC DRIVE HYDRAULIC TORQUE CONVERTER HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC ADJUSTABLE-SPEED DRIVE FARM TRACTOR APPLICATIONS PUMPS FOR ROBOTS CCS SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC POWER TOOLS HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS HYDRAULIC MOTORS TYPES OF HYDRAULIC MOTORS HYDRAULICALLY CONTROLLED CIRCUITS COMBINATION PUMP AND CONTROL VALVE UNIT REMOTE DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES OPERATION OF A CYLINDER ON A MACHINE TOOL CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OPERATION OF THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS NONROTATING CYLINDERS NAMES OF PARTS FORCE DEVELOPED IN NONROTATING CYLINDERS ECCENTRIC LOADS CAUSES OF FAILURE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE ROTATING CYLINDERS FAILURE CONTROL VALVES PRESSURE CONTROLS PRESSURE RELIEF SEQUENCE PRESSURE REDUCING COUNTERBALANCE AND UNLOADING OPERATING SIGNALS FLOW CONTROLS NEEDLE NONCOMPENSATING COMPENSATING DIRECTIONAL CONTROLS HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVE OPERATORS PRESSURE-CONTROL VALVE OPERATORS FLOW-CONTROL VALVE OPERATORS DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE OPERATORS MANUAL OPERATORS SOLENOID OPERATORS MECHANICAL OPERATORS PILOT OPERATORS PART IV FLUIDS, LINES, AND FITTINGS CHAPTER HYDRAULIC FLUIDS PETROLEUM-BASE FLUIDS SYNTHETIC-BASE FLUIDS QUALITY REQUIREMENTS CHANGE OF FLUIDS IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SELECTION OF A HYDRAULIC FLUID SPECI?C WEIGHT VISCOSITY SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL VISCOSIMETER VISCOSITY PROBLEMS VISCOSITY INDEX LUBRICATING VALUE POUR POINT OXIDATION AND CONTAMINATION HYDRAULIC FILTERS MOBILE-TYPE HYDRAULIC FILTER UNITS FLUID LINES AND FITTINGS RIGID PIPE SEMI-RIGID (TUBING) MANUFACTURING PROCESS OTHER TYPES INSTALLATION OF TUBING FLEXIBLE PIPING (HOSE) MANIFOLDS