PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN HANDBOOK
SCOPE AND JURISDICTION SCOPE GEOMETRIC SCOPE OF THIS DIVISION CLASSIFICATIONS OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THIS DIVISION ASSEMBLY AND TESTING OF VESSELS AT FIELD OR INTERMEDIATE SITES STANDARDS REFERENCED BY THIS DIVISION UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TOLERANCES ORGANIZATION OF THIS DIVISION ORGANIZATION RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES GENERAL USER’S RESPONSIBILITY MANUFACTURER’S RESPONSIBILITY DESIGNER GENERAL RULES FOR INSPECTION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION MANUFACTURER’S RESPONSIBILITIES CERTIFICATION OF SUBCONTRACTED SERVICES THE INSPECTOR INSPECTOR’S DUTIES ADDITIONAL GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRESSURE VESSELS (CRPV) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SUPPLEMENTAL GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CRPV ADDITIONAL GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPULSIVELY LOADED VESSELS PART KM MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS MATERIALS PERMITTED MECHANICAL PROPERTY TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR METALS PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING TEST SPECIMENS AND COUPONS PROCEDURE FOR HEAT TREATING SEPARATE TEST SPECIMENS MECHANICAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS HEAT TREATMENT CERTIFICATION/VERIFICATION TESTS FOR FABRICATED COMPONENTS SUPPLEMENTARY TOUGHNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE?RETAINING COMPONENT MATERIALS RETESTS NOTCH TENSILE TESTING PROCEDURE AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERION SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL BOLTING MATERIALS MATERIAL DESIGN DATA CONTENTS OF TABLES OF MATERIAL DESIGN DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR LAMINATE MATERIALS ANALYTICAL MATERIAL MODELS IDEALLY ELASTIC–PLASTIC (NON?STRAIN HARDENING) MATERIAL MODEL ELASTIC–PLASTIC STRESS–STRAIN CURVE MODEL CYCLIC STRESS–STRAIN CURVE RULES FOR COVERS ON IMPULSIVELY LOADED VESSELS PART KD DESIGN REQUIREMENTS LOADINGS DESIGN BASIS DESIGN CRITERIA FATIGUE EVALUATION BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS TERMS RELATING TO STRESS ANALYSIS EQUATIONS FOR CYLINDRICAL AND SPHERICAL SHELLS ELASTIC–PLASTIC ANALYSIS STRESS ANALYSIS FOR FATIGUE EVALUATION CALCULATED NUMBER OF DESIGN CYCLES CALCULATED CUMULATIVE EFFECT NUMBER OF DESIGN CYCLES FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF WELDS — ELASTIC ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL STRESS HISTOGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND CYCLE COUNTING FOR FATIGUE ANALYSIS WELDED JOINT DESIGN FATIGUE CURVES FRACTURE MECHANICS EVALUATION CRACK SIZE CRITERIA STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR KI CALCULATION CALCULATION OF CRACK GROWTH RATES DESIGN USING AUTOFRETTAGE LIMITS ON AUTOFRETTAGE PRESSURE CALCULATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES DESIGN CALCULATIONS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR CLOSURES, INTEGRAL HEADS, THREADED FASTENERS, AND SEALS THREADED FASTENERS AND COMPONENTS LOAD?CARRYING SHELL WITH SINGLE THREADED END CLOSURES INTEGRAL HEADS QUICK?ACTUATING CLOSURES REQUIREMENTS FOR CLOSURES AND SEALS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR ATTACHMENTS, SUPPORTS, AND EXTERNAL HEATING AND COOLING JACKETS MATERIALS FOR ATTACHMENTS WELDS ATTACHING NONPRESSURE PARTS TO PRESSURE PARTS DESIGN OF ATTACHMENTS DESIGN OF SUPPORTS JACKETED VESSELS SPECIAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR LAYERED VESSELS RULES FOR SHRINK?FIT LAYERED VESSELS RULES FOR CONCENTRICALLY WRAPPED AND WELDED LAYERED VESSELS DESIGN OF WELDED JOINTS OPENINGS AND THEIR REINFORCEMENT SUPPORTS SPECIAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR WIRE?WOUND VESSELS AND WIRE?WOUND FRAMES STRESS ANALYSIS STRESS LIMITS SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VESSELS IN HYDROGEN SERVICE FATIGUE LIFE EVALUATION USING FRACTURE MECHANICS FRACTURE MECHANICS PROPERTIES FATIGUE LIFE CALCULATION TEST METHOD FOR KIH DETERMINATION FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE TESTS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR WELDED VESSELS TYPES OF JOINTS PERMITTED TRANSITION JOINTS BETWEEN SECTIONS OF UNEQUAL THICKNESS NOZZLE ATTACHMENTS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN VERIFICATION TYPES OF TESTS STRAIN MEASUREMENT TEST PROCEDURE PHOTOELASTIC TEST PROCEDURE TEST PROCEDURES INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF OPERATING CYCLES DETERMINATION OF FATIGUE STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS ADDITIONAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRESSURE VESSELS (CRPV) PART KF FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS GENERAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS MATERIAL MATERIAL FORMING TOLERANCES FOR CYLINDRICAL AND SPHERICAL SHELLS AND HEADS SUPPLEMENTAL WELDING FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL WELDS WELDING QUALIFICATIONS AND RECORDS WELD JOINTS PERMITTED AND THEIR EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS DURING WELDING REPAIR OF WELD DEFECTS FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS WITH PROTECTIVE LININGS QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES INTEGRALLY CLAD MATERIALS POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT OF LININGS EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS INSPECTION AND TESTS STAMPING AND REPORTS HEAT TREATMENT OF WELDMENTS HEATING PROCEDURES FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT AFTER REPAIRS ADDITIONAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOFRETTAGED VESSELS EXAMINATION AND REPAIR AUTOFRETTAGE PROCEDURES EXAMINATION AFTER AUTOFRETTAGE REPAIR OF DEFECTS AFTER AUTOFRETTAGE ADDITIONAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED STEELS WELDING REQUIREMENTS TEMPORARY WELDS WHERE NOT PROHIBITED POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT EXAMINATION AND TESTING SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS WITH WELDING RESTRICTIONS REPAIR OF DEFECTS METHODS OF FORMING FORGED HEADS SPECIFIC FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR LAYERED VESSELS RULES FOR SHRINK?FIT VESSELS RULES FOR CONCENTRICALLY WRAPPED WELDED LAYERED VESSELS SPECIAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR WIRE?WOUND VESSELS AND FRAMES FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS ADDITIONAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ALUMINUM ALLOYS ADDITIONAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR WELDING AGE?HARDENING STAINLESS STEELS BASE METAL HEAT TREATMENT CONDITION PRODUCTION WELD TESTING REPAIR WELDING POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT AFTER WELD REPAIRS ADDITIONAL FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRES- SURE VESSELS (CRPV) WELDING PART KR PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES PROTECTION AGAINST OVERPRESSURE DEFINITIONS TYPES OF OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION SIZE OF OPENINGS AND NOZZLES INTERVENING STOP VALVES PERMISSIBLE OVERPRESSURES SET PRESSURES REQUIREMENTS FOR RUPTURE DISK DEVICES CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS RUPTURE DISK DEVICES USED IN COMBINATION WITH FLOW CAPACITY CERTIFIED PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS INSPECTION OF MANUFACTURING OF RUPTURE DISK DEVICES PRODUCTION TESTING BY MANUFACTURERS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES MATERIAL SELECTION INSPECTION OF MANUFACTURING AND/OR ASSEMBLY OF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES PRODUCTION TESTING BY MANUFACTURERS AND ASSEMBLERS CERTIFICATION MARK MARKING USE OF CERTIFICATION MARK CERTIFICATION OF FLOW CAPACITY OF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES FLOW CAPACITY CERTIFICATION TESTS RECERTIFICATION TESTING PROCEDURES FOR FLOW CAPACITY CERTIFICATION TESTS FLOW CAPACITY CONVERSIONS FLOW CAPACITY CERTIFICATION TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR TEST FACILITIES TEST DATA REPORTS CERTIFICATION OF FLOW CAPACITY OF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES IN COMBINATION WITH RUPTURE DISK DEVICES OPTIONAL TESTING OF RUPTURE DISK DEVICES AND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES REQUIREMENTS FOR POWER-ACTUATED PRESSURE RELIEF SYSTEMS SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FLOW CAPACITY TESTING OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION FOR IMPULSIVELY LOADED VESSELS PART KE EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR EXAMINATION PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL QUALIFICA- TION QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS FOR EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF MATERIAL GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REPAIR OF DEFECTS EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF PLATE EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF FORGINGS AND BARS EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF SEAMLESS AND WELDED (WITHOUT FILLER METAL) TUBULAR PRODUCTS AND FITTINGS EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF TUBULAR PRODUCTS AND FITTINGS WELDED WITH FILLER METAL EXAMINATION OF BOLTS, STUDS, AND NUTS EXAMINATION OF WELDS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA EXAMINATION OF WELDS AND WELD OVERLAY EXAMINATION OF WELD EDGE PREPARATION SURFACES TYPES OF WELDS AND THEIR EXAMINATION ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FINAL EXAMINATION OF VESSELS SURFACE EXAMINATION AFTER HYDROTEST INSPECTION OF LINED VESSEL INTERIOR AFTER HYDROTEST ADDITIONAL EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRES- SURE VESSELS (CRPV) PART KT TESTING REQUIREMENTS TESTING REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMPLE TEST COUPONS IMPACT TESTING FOR WELDED VESSELS IMPACT TESTS LOCATION AND ORIENTATION OF SPECIMENS IMPACT TESTS FOR WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS IMPACT TEST OF PRODUCTION TEST PLATES BASIS FOR REJECTION HYDROSTATIC TESTS LIMITS OF HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE FLUID MEDIA FOR HYDROSTATIC TESTS TEST PROCEDURE EXEMPTION FOR AUTOFRETTAGED VESSELS ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPULSIVELY LOADED VESSELS PRESSURE TEST GAGES AND TRANSDUCERS TYPE AND NUMBER OF GAGES OR TRANSDUCERS PRESSURE RANGE OF TEST GAGES AND TRANSDUCERS CALIBRATION OF TEST GAGES AND TRANSDUCERS ADDITIONAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRESSURE VESSELS (CRPV) RESPONSIBILITY PART KS MARKING, STAMPING, REPORTS, AND RECORDS CONTENTS AND METHOD OF STAMPING REQUIRED MARKING FOR VESSELS APPLICATION OF CERTIFICATION MARK PART MARKING APPLICATION OF MARKINGS ATTACHMENT OF NAMEPLATE OR TAG SPECIAL STAMPING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRESSURE VESSELS (CRPV) OBTAINING AND USING CERTIFICATION MARKS CERTIFICATION MARK BEARING OFFICIAL SYMBOL APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION ISSUANCE OF AUTHORIZATION DESIGNATED OVERSIGHT QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM CODE CONSTRUCTION BEFORE RECEIPT OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS REGARDING MANUFACTURER'S CERTIFICATES FOR MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRESSURE VESSELS (CRPV) REPORT FORMS AND MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORTS MAINTENANCE OF RADIOGRAPHS MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS MANDATORY APPENDIX NOMENCLATURE OUTLINE OF FEATURES TO BE INCLUDED IN THE WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF THE QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY DRAWINGS, DESIGN CALCULATIONS, AND SPECIFICATION CONTROL MATERIAL CONTROL EXAMINATION AND INSPECTION PROGRAM CORRECTION OF NONCONFORMITIES NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION HEAT TREATMENT CALIBRATION OF MEASUREMENT AND TEST EQUIPMENT RECORDS RETENTION SAMPLE FORMS INSPECTION OF VESSELS AND VESSEL PARTS INSPECTION OF PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES CERTIFICATIONS ADHESIVE ATTACHMENT OF NAMEPLATES NAMEPLATE APPLICATION PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTS ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED ROUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDS APPLICABILITY OF THESE STANDARDS TERMINOLOGY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA STANDARD UNITS FOR USE IN EQUATIONS ESTABLISHING GOVERNING CODE EDITIONS AND CASES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS AND PARTS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LINEAR ELASTIC ANALYSIS DERIVATION OF STRESS INTENSITIES PRIMARY MEMBRANE AND BENDING STRESSES PURE SHEAR STRESS BEARING STRESS SECONDARY STRESSES SIMPLIFIED ELASTIC–PLASTIC ANALYSIS THERMAL STRESS RATCHETING ASSESSMENT TRIAXIAL STRESSES UPPER LIMIT FOR HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE PRINCIPAL STRESSES IN MONOBLOC VESSELS NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A GUIDE FOR PREPARING MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORTS INTRODUCTION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B SUGGESTED PRACTICE REGARDING EXTENDING LIFE BEYOND THE CYCLIC DESIGN LIFE EXTENDING ALLOWED CYCLIC LIMITS WHILE IN OPERATION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C GUIDE TO INFORMATION APPEARING ON CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D FRACTURE MECHANICS CALCULATIONS CRACK LOCATION AND STRESSING CRACK ORIENTATION AND SHAPE METHODS FOR DETERMINING STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR CALCULATION OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATES FRACTURE TOUGHNESS CORRELATIONS REFERENCES NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E CONSTRUCTION DETAILS INTEGRAL HEADS (BLIND ENDS) THICK WALL PROPORTIONS THIN WALL PROPORTIONS THREADED END CLOSURES NOMENCLATURE (SEE FIGURES E-210 1, E-210 2, AND E-210 3) THREAD LOAD DISTRIBUTION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX G DESIGN RULES FOR CLAMP CONNECTIONS BOLT LOADS LONGITUDINAL LOADS HUB MOMENTS CALCULATION OF HUB STRESSES CALCULATION OF CLAMP STRESSES ALLOWABLE DESIGN STRESSES FOR CLAMP CONNECTIONS NONMANDATORY APPENDIX H OPENINGS AND THEIR REINFORCEMENT CIRCULAR OPENINGS NOT REQUIRING REINFORCEMENT REINFORCEMENT FOR OPENINGS IN SHELLS AND FORMED HEADS REINFORCEMENT FOR OPENINGS IN FLAT HEADS LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT METAL AVAILABLE FOR REINFORCEMENT NONMANDATORY APPENDIX I GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF U S CUSTOMARY AND SI UNITS IN THE ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE USE OF UNITS IN EQUATIONS GUIDELINES USED TO DEVELOP SI EQUIVALENTS SOFT CONVERSION FACTORS NONMANDATORY APPENDIX J STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR CROSS?BORES IN CLOSED?END CYLINDERS AND SQUARE BLOCKS METHODOLOGY NONMANDATORY APPENDIX K FATIGUE AND FRACTURE ASSESSMENT OF IMPULSIVELY LOADED VESSELS ANALYSIS NONMANDATORY APPENDIX L LINEARIZATION OF STRESS RESULTS FOR STRESS CLASSIFICATION SELECTION OF STRESS CLASSIFICATION LINES STRESS INTEGRATION METHOD CONTINUUM ELEMENTS SHELL ELEMENTS STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD BASED ON NODAL FORCES STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD BASED ON STRESS INTEGRATION EXAMPLES OF ACCEPTABLE IMPACT TEST SPECIMENS DESIGN FATIGUE CURVES SA = F(NF) FOR NONWELDED MACHINED PARTS MADE OF FORGED CARBON OR LOW ALLOY STEELS FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 700°F KD-320 1M DESIGN FATIGUE CURVES SA = F(NF) FOR NONWELDED MACHINED PARTS MADE OF FORGED CARBON OR LOW ALLOY STEELS FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 371°C DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE SA = F(NF) FOR NONWELDED PARTS MADE OF CARBON OR LOW ALLOY STEELS FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 700°F KD-320 2M DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE SA = F(NF) FOR NONWELDED PARTS MADE OF CARBON OR LOW ALLOY STEELS FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 371°C DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE FOR NONWELDED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EX- CEEDING 800°F KD-320 3M DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE FOR NONWELDED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EX- CEEDING 427°C DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE SA = F(NF) FOR NONWELDED MACHINED PARTS MADE OF 17?4PH/15?5PH STAINLESS STEEL BAR OR FORGINGS, FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 550°F KD-320 4M DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE SA = F(NF) FOR NONWELDED MACHINED PARTS MADE OF 17?4PH/15?5PH STAINLESS STEEL BAR OR FORGINGS, FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 290°C DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE FOR HIGH?STRENGTH STEEL BOLTING FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 700°F KD-320 5M DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE FOR HIGH?STRENGTH STEEL BOLTING FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 371°C KD-320 6(A) ROUGHNESS FACTOR KR VERSUS AVERAGE SURFACE ROUGHNESS RA (µIN ) AA KD-320 6M(A) ROUGHNESS FACTOR KR VERSUS AVERAGE SURFACE ROUGHNESS RA (µM) AA KD-320 6(B) ROUGHNESS FACTOR KR VERSUS MAXIMUM SURFACE ROUGHNESS RMAX (µIN ) KD-320 6M(B) ROUGHNESS FACTOR KR VERSUS MAXIMUM SURFACE ROUGHNESS RMAX (µM) DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE FOR NONWELDED 6061-T6 AND 6061-T651 ALUMINUM FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 225°F KD-320 7M DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE FOR NONWELDED 6061-T6 AND 6061-T651 ALUMINUM FOR TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 107°C BURR GRINDING OF WELD TOE SOME ILLUSTRATIVE WELD ATTACHMENT DETAILS DIAMETERS AND LAYER NUMBERS FOR CONCENTRIC SHRINK?FIT LAYERED CYLINDER ACCEPTABLE LAYERED SHELL TYPES SOME ACCEPTABLE SOLID?TO?LAYERED ATTACHMENTS SOME ACCEPTABLE FLAT HEADS WITH HUBS JOINING LAYERED SHELL SECTIONS SOME ACCEPTABLE FLANGES FOR LAYERED SHELLS SOME ACCEPTABLE WELDED JOINTS OF LAYERED?TO?LAYERED AND LAYERED?TO?SOLID SECTIONS SOME ACCEPTABLE NOZZLE ATTACHMENTS IN LAYERED SHELL SECTIONS SOME ACCEPTABLE SUPPORTS FOR LAYERED VESSELS WIRE?WOUND VESSEL AND FRAME CONSTRUCTION NOMENCLATURE FOR WIRE?WOUND CYLINDERS DERIVATION OF DESIGN FATIGUE CURVE FROM WIRE FATIGUE CURVE TYPICAL PRESSURE PARTS WITH BUTT?WELDED HUBS JOINTS BETWEEN FORMED HEADS AND SHELLS NOZZLE NECKS ATTACHED TO PIPING OF LESSER WALL THICKNESS SOME ACCEPTABLE WELDED NOZZLE ATTACHMENTS AN ACCEPTABLE FULL?PENETRATION WELDED NOZZLE ATTACHMENT NOT READILY RADIOGRAPHABLE CONSTRUCTION OF TESTING PARAMETER RATIO DIAGRAM CONSTRUCTION OF TESTING PARAMETER RATIO DIAGRAM FOR ACCELERATED TESTS EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DIAMETERS IN CYLINDRICAL SHELLS KF-822(A) SOLID?TO?LAYERED AND LAYERED?TO?LAYERED TEST PLATES KF-822(B) TEST SPECIMENS FOR WELD PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION KF-825 4(A) INDICATIONS OF LAYER WASH KF-825 4(B) ANGLED RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING LAYER WASH GAP AREA BETWEEN LAYERS OFFICIAL NEW CERTIFICATION MARK TO DENOTE THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS’ STANDARD CONSTANT C FOR GAS VERSUS SPECIFIC HEAT RATIO (U S CUSTOMARY UNITS) KR-523 3M CONSTANT C FOR GAS VERSUS SPECIFIC HEAT RATIO (SI UNITS) AXIAL PROPAGATION OF SOUND IN TUBE WALL FLAW CLASSIFICATION OF SINGLE INDICATION SURFACE FLAW ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA SUBSURFACE FLAW ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA MULTIPLE PLANAR FLAWS ORIENTED IN PLANE NORMAL TO PRESSURE-RETAINING SURFACE PARALLEL PLANAR FLAWS NONALIGNED COPLANAR FLAWS IN PLANE NORMAL TO PRESSURE-RETAINING SURFACE (ILLUSTRATIVE FLAW CONFIGURATIONS) MULTIPLE ALIGNED PLANAR FLAWS ILLUSTRATION OF WELDED JOINT LOCATIONS TYPICAL OF CATEGORIES A, B, C, AND D FORM OF STAMPING ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS GROUPS OF ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTS FOR T 1/8 IN (3 MM) TO 1/4 IN (6 MM), INCLUSIVE CHARTS FOR T OVER 1/4 IN (6 MM) TO 3/8 IN (10 MM), INCLUSIVE CHARTS FOR T OVER 3/8 IN (10 MM) TO 3/4 IN (19 MM), INCLUSIVE CHARTS FOR T OVER 3/4 IN (19 MM) TO 2 IN (50 MM), INCLUSIVE CHARTS FOR T OVER 2 IN (50 MM) TO 4 IN (100 MM), INCLUSIVE CHARTS FOR T OVER 4 IN (100 MM) STRESS CATEGORIES AND LIMITS OF STRESS INTENSITY TYPICAL CRACK TYPES IDEALIZATIONS OF A CRACK PROPAGATING FROM A CROSS?BORE CORNER MAGNIFICATION FACTORS FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACK POLYNOMIAL REPRESENTATION OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION METHOD OF CORRECTING KI AT DISCONTINUITIES BETWEEN REGIONS THICK WALL BLIND END PROPORTIONS NOT REQUIRING DETAILED ANALYSIS THIN WALL BLIND END PROPORTIONS NOT REQUIRING DETAILED ANALYSIS TYPICAL THREADED END CLOSURE THREAD LOADING DISTRIBUTION DETAIL OF FIRST THREAD CLAMP NOMENCLATURE TYPICAL CLAMP LUG CONFIGURATIONS TYPICAL HUB DESIGN WITH THE BOLTS CONTAINED WITHIN THE BODY OF THE CLAMP TYPICAL SELF?ENERGIZING GASKETS USED IN THIS DIVISION, SHOWING DIAMETER AT LOCATION OF GASKET LOAD REACTION G VALUES OF F STRAIGHT DRILL CONNECTIONS FOR THICK-WALLED CYLINDERS CHART FOR DETERMINING VALUE OF F NOZZLE NOMENCLATURE AND DIMENSIONS GEOMETRIES OF SQUARE BLOCKS AND CYLINDERS WITH CROSS?BORES TANGENTIAL STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDERS TANGENTIAL STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR OPENINGS IN SQUARE CROSS?SECTION BLOCKS STRESS HISTORY TOUGHNESS TEMPERATURE CURVE STRESS CLASSIFICATION LINE (SCL) AND STRESS CLASSIFICATION PLANE (SCP) STRESS CLASSIFICATION LINES (SCLS) STRESS CLASSIFICATION LINE ORIENTATION AND VALIDITY GUIDELINES COMPUTATION OF MEMBRANE AND BENDING EQUIVALENT STRESS INTEGRATION METHOD USING THE RESULTS FROM A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL WITH CONTINUUM ELEMENTS CONTINUUM FINITE ELEMENT MODEL STRESS CLASSIFICATION LINE FOR THE STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD COMPUTATION OF MEMBRANE AND BENDING EQUIVALENT STRESSES BY THE STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD USING NODAL FORCE RESULTS FROM A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL WITH CONTINUUM ELEMENTS PROCESSING NODAL FORCE RESULTS WITH THE STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD USING THE RESULTS FROM A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL SECOND ORDER CONTINUUM ELEMENTS PROCESSING STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD RESULTS FOR A SYMMETRIC STRUCTURAL STRESS RANGE COMPUTATION OF MEMBRANE AND BENDING EQUIVALENT STRESSES BY THE STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD USING THE RESULTS FROM A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL WITH SHELL ELEMENTS PROCESSING NODAL FORCE RESULTS WITH THE STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD USING THE RESULTS FROM A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL SECOND ORDER SHELL ELEMENTS ELEMENT SETS FOR PROCESSING FINITE ELEMENT NODAL STRESS RESULTS WITH THE STRUCTURAL STRESS METHOD BASED ON STRESS INTEGRATION REFERENCED STANDARDS IN THIS DIVISION AND YEAR OF ACCEPTABLE EDITION CHARPY IMPACT TEST TEMPERATURE REDUCTION BELOW MINIMUM DESIGN METAL TEMPERATURE KM-234 2(A) MINIMUM REQUIRED CHARPY V?NOTCH IMPACT VALUES FOR PRESSURE?RETAINING COMPONENT MATERIALS KM-234 2(B) MINIMUM REQUIRED CHARPY V?NOTCH IMPACT VALUES FOR BOLTING MATERIALS CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS KM-400-1M CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS (METRIC) HIGH ALLOY STEELS KM-400-2M HIGH ALLOY STEELS (METRIC) NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS KM-400-3M NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS (METRIC) ALUMINUM ALLOYS KM-400-4M ALUMINUM ALLOYS (METRIC) TABULAR VALUES FOR COEFFICIENTS CYCLIC STRESS–STRAIN CURVE DATA KM-630M CYCLIC STRESS–STRAIN CURVE DATA COEFFICIENTS FOR THE WELDED JOINT FATIGUE CURVES KM-630 1M COEFFICIENTS FOR THE WELDED JOINT FATIGUE CURVES LOADS AND LOAD CASES TO BE CONSIDERED IN DESIGN LOAD DESCRIPTIONS COMBINATION FOR ANALYSIS EXEMPTION OF HYDROSTATIC TEST CRITERION LOAD COMBINATIONS AND LOAD FACTORS FOR AN ELASTIC–PLASTIC ANALYSIS TABULATED VALUES OF SA, KSI, FROM FIGURES INDICATED KD-320 1M TABULATED VALUES OF SA, MPA, FROM FIGURES INDICATED TABULATED VALUES OF SA ALTERNATING STRESS INTENSITY FROM FIGURES KD-320 7 AND KD-320 7M FATIGUE PENALTY PARAMETERS CRACK GROWTH RATE FACTORS (U S CUSTOMARY UNITS) KD-430M CRACK GROWTH RATE FACTORS (SI UNITS) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OFFSET IN WELDED JOINTS REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT OF PRESSURE PARTS AND ATTACHMENTS (U S CUS- TOMARY UNITS) KF-402 1M REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT OF PRESSURE PARTS AND ATTACHMENTS (SI UNITS) POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED MATERIALS IN TABLE KM-400-1 (U S CUSTOMARY UNITS) KF-630M POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED MATERIALS IN TABLE KM-400-1M (SI UNITS) PERMITTED WELD REINFORCEMENT THICKNESS, IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR DESIGNATIONS, ESSENTIAL HOLES, AND WIRE DIAMETERS (U S CUSTOMARY UNITS) KE-101M THICKNESS, IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR DESIGNATIONS, ESSENTIAL HOLES, AND WIRE DIAMETERS (SI UNITS) FLAW ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR 1 IN (25 MM) TO 12 IN (300 MM) THICK WELD FLAW ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR 16 IN (400 MM) THICK WELD RADIOGRAPHIC ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FOR ROUNDED INDICATIONS (EXAMPLES ONLY) INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORTS INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MANUFACTURER'S DATA REPORTS FORM CRPV-1A COEFFICIENTS G0 THROUGH G3 FOR SURFACE CRACK AT DEEPEST POINT COEFFICIENTS G0 THROUGH G3 FOR SURFACE CRACK AT FREE SURFACE CRACK GROWTH RATE FACTORS CONTINUOUS THREAD EXAMPLE INTERRUPTED THREAD EXAMPLE ALLOWABLE DESIGN STRESS FOR CLAMP CONNECTIONS TANGENTIAL STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR OPENINGS IN CYLINDERS (TABULATED VALUES FROM FIGURE J-110-2) TANGENTIAL STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR OPENINGS IN SQUARE CROSS?SECTION BLOCKS (TABU- LATED VALUES FROM FIGURE J-110-3) STRUCTURAL STRESS DEFINITIONS FOR CONTINUUM FINITE ELEMENTS STRUCTURAL STRESS DEFINITIONS FOR SHELL OR PLATE FINITE ELEMENTS TYPICAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE OF THE USER’S DESIGN SPECIFICATION TYPICAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE OF THE MANUFACTURER’S DESIGN REPORT MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORT FOR HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS MANUFACTURER’S PARTIAL DATA REPORT FOR HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORT SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET MANUFACTURER’S OR ASSEMBLER’S CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMANCE FOR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMANCE FOR RUPTURE DISK DEVICES CRPV-1A MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORT FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRESSURE VESSELS CRPV-2A RECOMMENDED FORM FOR QUALIFYING THE LAMINATE DESIGN AND THE LAMINATE PROCEDURE SPECIFI- CATION USED IN MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE REINFORCED PRESSURE VESSELS ENDNOTES