HISTORY OF MATHEMATICAL NOTATIONS: ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS

By L. CATIR

C O N T E N T S THE FIRST ALGEBRAS MESOPOTAMIA: THE BEGINNINGS OF ALGEBRA MESOPOTAMIANS AND SECOND-DEGREE EQUATIONS THE MESOPOTAMIANS AND INDETERMINATE EQUATIONS CLAY TABLETS AND ELECTRONIC CALCULATORS EGYPTIAN ALGEBRA CHINESE ALGEBRA RHETORICAL ALGEBRA GREEK ALGEBRA THE DISCOVERY OF THE PYTHAGOREANS GEOMETRIC ALGEBRA ALGEBRA MADE VISIBLE DIOPHANTUS OF ALEXANDRIA ALGEBRA FROM INDIA TO NORTHERN AFRICA BRAHMAGUPTA AND THE NEW ALGEBRA MAHAVIRA BHASKARA AND THE END OF AN ERA POETRY AND ALGEBRA ISLAMIC MATHEMATICS AL-KHWA¯RIZMI¯ AND A NEW CONCEPT OF ALGEBRA A PROBLEM AND A SOLUTION OMAR KHAYYÁM, ISLAMIC ALGEBRA AT ITS BEST LEONARDO OF PISA ALGEBRA AS A THEORY OF EQUATIONS THE NEW ALGORITHMS ALGEBRA AS A TOOL IN SCIENCE FRANÇOIS VIÈTE, ALGEBRA AS A SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE THOMAS HARRIOT ALBERT GIRARD THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ALGEBRA THE IMPORTANCE OF POLYNOMIALS ALGEBRA IN GEOMETRY AND ANALYSIS RENÉ DESCARTES DESCARTES ON MULTIPLICATION PIERRE DE FERMAT FERMAT’S LAST THEOREM THE NEW APPROACH POLAR COORDINATES THE SEARCH FOR NEW STRUCTURES NIELS HENRIK ABEL ÉVARISTE GALOIS GALOIS THEORY AND THE DOUBLING OF THE CUBE DOUBLING THE CUBE WITH A STRAIGHTEDGE AND COMPASS IS IMPOSSIBLE ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURES THE IMPORTANCE OF GROUP THEORY THE LAWS OF THOUGHT ARISTOTLE GEORGE BOOLE AND THE LAWS OF THOUGHT BOOLEAN ALGEBRA ARISTOTLE AND BOOLE REFINING AND EXTENDING BOOLEAN ALGEBRA BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND COMPUTERS THE THEORY OF MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS EARLY IDEAS SPECTRAL THEORY THE THEORY OF MATRICES MATRIX MULTIPLICATION EMMY NOETHER AND THE THEORY OF RINGS NICOLAS BOURBAKI AND MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE THE PROBLEM SOLVERS