NANOFIBERS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES

By DANIEL JOHNSON

CONTENTS PART I NANOFIBER PRODUCTION ELECTROSPINNING OF NANOFIBERS AND THE CHARGE INJECTION METHOD INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROSTATIC ATOMIZATION ELECTROSPRAYING AND ELECTROSPINNING BY THE CAPILLARY METHOD ELECTROSPRAYING AND ELECTROSPINNING BY THE CHARGE INJECTION METHOD REFERENCES PRODUCING NANOFIBER STRUCTURES BY ELECTROSPINNING FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING FABRICATION OF NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS CELL–SCAFFOLD INTERACTION SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONTINUOUS YARNS FROM ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS USING ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS: BACKGROUND AND TERMINOLOGY CONTROLLING FIBER ORIENTATION PRODUCING NONCONTINUOUS OR SHORT YARNS PRODUCING CONTINUOUS YARNS SUMMARY AND FUTURE TRENDS SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION AND ADVICE PRODUCING POLYAMIDE NANOFIBERS BY ELECTROSPINNING THE ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SPINNING CONDITIONS AND THE USE OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCLUSIONS CONTROLLING THE MORPHOLOGIES OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBRES THE ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS AND FIBRE MORPHOLOGY POLYMER CONCENTRATION AND FIBRE DIAMETER FIBRE BEAD FORMATION AND FIBRE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY CONTROLLING FIBRE ALIGNMENT AND WEB MORPHOLOGIES BICOMPONENT CROSS-SECTIONAL NANOFIBRES FUTURE TRENDS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PART II CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOCOMPOSITES SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES: THE CASE OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING THE DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE OF CARBON NANOTUBES SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES THE USE OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING NANOSTRUCTURED COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS NANOSTRUCTURED SOLID PROPELLANTS FOR ROCKETS FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS OTHER AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES CARBON NANOTUBE AND NANOFIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER FIBRES SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES DEVELOPING NANOTUBE/NANOFIBRE–POLYMER COMPOSITES ADDING NANOTUBES AND NANOFIBRES TO POLYMER FIBRES ANALYSING THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOTUBE/NANOFIBRE–POLYMER COMPOSITES ANALYSING THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF NANOTUBE/NANOFIBRE– POLYMER COMPOSITES MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITE FIBRES STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBE-POLYMER FIBERS USING MELT SPINNING PRODUCING CARBON NANOTUBE-POLYMER FIBERS THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION FIBER MORPHOLOGY MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERS CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE TRENDS MULTIFUNCTIONAL POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES IMPROVING THE FIRE-RETARDANT PROPERTIES OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES IMPROVING THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES CASE-STUDY: DEVELOPMENT OF A NANOCOMPOSITE SLIDING SEAL RING ENHANCING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES NANOFILLED POLYPROPYLENE FIBRES POLYMER LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LAYERED SILICATE POLYPROPYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES NANOSILICA FILLED POLYPROPYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES CALCIUM CARBONATE AND OTHER ADDITIVES CONCLUSION PART III IMPROVING POLYMER FUNCTIONALITY NANOSTRUCTURING POLYMERS WITH CYCLODEXTRINS FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER–CYCLODEXTRIN– INCLUSION COMPOUNDS PROPERTIES OF POLYMER–CYCLODEXTRIN–INCLUSION COMPOUNDS HOMO- AND BLOCK COPOLYMERS COALESCED FROM THEIR CYCLODEXTRIN–INCLUSION COMPOUNDS CONSTRAINED POLYMERIZATION IN MONOMER–CYCLODEXTRIN– INCLUSION COMPOUNDS COALESCENCE OF COMMON POLYMER–CYCLODEXTRIN–INCLUSION COMPOUNDS TO ACHIEVE FINE POLYMER BLENDS TEMPORAL AND THERMAL STABILITIES OF POLYMERS NANOSTRUCTURED WITH CYCLODEXTRINS CYCLODEXTRIN-MODIFIED POLYMERS POLYMERS WITH COVALENTLY BONDED CYCLODEXTRINS DYEABLE POLYPROPYLENE VIA NANOTECHNOLOGY DYEING TECHNIQUES FOR UNMODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE FOR IMPROVED DYEABILITY USING COPOLYMERIZATION AND OTHER TECHNIQUES POLYBLENDING AND OTHER TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING POLYPROPYLENE DYEABILITY DYEING POLYPROPYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS AND OTHER TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS DYED POLYPROPYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES POLYOLEFIN/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES ORGANOMODIFICATION OF CLAYS POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES POLYPROPYLENE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES POLYETHYLENE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES HIGHER POLYOLEFIN/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBE–NYLON-6 NANOCOMPOSITES FROM POLYMERIZATION NANOCOMPOSITE SYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION NANOCOMPOSITE FIBERS PART IV NANOCOATINGS AND SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR COATING AND STRUCTURING OF TEXTILES PRODUCTION OF NANOFIBER NONWOVENS USING ELECTROSTATIC SPINNING ANTI-ADHESIVE NANOCOATING OF FIBERS AND TEXTILES WATER- AND OIL-REPELLENT COATINGS BY PLASMA TREATMENT SELF-CLEANING SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES ELECTROSTATIC SELF-ASSEMBLED NANOLAYER FILMS FOR COTTON FIBERS PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROSTATIC SELF-ASSEMBLY FOR CREATING NANOLAYER FILMS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTROSTATIC SELF-ASSEMBLY SUBSTRATES USED FOR ELECTROSTATIC SELF-ASSEMBLY POLYELECTROLYTES USED FOR ELECTROSTATIC SELF-ASSEMBLY ANALYZING SELF-ASSEMBLED NANOLAYER FILMS ON COTTON CONCLUSIONS: FUNCTIONAL TEXTILES FOR PROTECTION, FILTRATION AND OTHER APPLICATIONS NANOFABRICATION OF THIN POLYMER FILMS MACROMOLECULAR PLATFORM FOR NANOFABRICATION ‘GRAFTING FROM’ TECHNIQUE FOR SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER FILMS ‘GRAFTING TO’ TECHNIQUE FOR SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER FILMS SYNTHESIS OF SMART SWITCHABLE COATINGS SYNTHESIS OF ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC MATERIALS HYBRID POLYMER NANOLAYERS FOR SURFACE MODIFICATION OF FIBERS INTRODUCTION: SMART TEXTILES VIA THIN HYBRID FILMS MECHANISMS OF RESPONSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THIN POLYMER FILMS POLYMER–POLYMER HYBRID LAYERS POLYMER–PARTICLES HYBRID LAYERS HIERARCHICAL ASSEMBLY OF NANOSTRUCTURED HYBRID FILMS ACKNOWLEDGMENT STRUCTURE–PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS OF POLYPROPYLENE NANOCOMPOSITE FIBRES MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY PHASE HOMOGENEITY AND SPINLINE STABILITY OPTICAL BIREFRINGENCE AND INFRARED ACTIVATION CRYSTALLISATION BEHAVIOUR AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE EXFOLIATION BY EXTENSIONAL FLOW DEFORMATION