PRINCIPLES OF WELDING
1 Introduction to Friction Welding, Friction Stir Welding and Friction Stir Processing 1 11 Introduction 1 12 Introduction to Friction Welding 2 13 Introduction to Friction Stir Welding Process 4 14 Introduction to Friction Stir Processing 8 15 Summary 10 References 11 2 Friction Welding 13 21 Introduction 13 211 Working Principle of Friction Welding Process 13 22 Types of Friction Welding Process 14 221 Rotary/Spin Friction Welding 15 222 Linear Friction Welding 17 223 Vibration Welding 18 224 Friction Surfacing 19 23 Advantages, Limitations and Areas of Application of Friction Welding 20 24 Processing Parameters in Friction Welding 22 25 Research Advancement in Friction Welding 23 26 Summary 36 References 37 3 Friction Stir Welding 39 31 Introduction 39 32 Principle of Friction Stir Welding Process 40 33 Processing Parameters in Friction Stir Welding Process 42 331 Tool Rotation and Traverse Speeds 42 332 Tool Tilt and Plunge Depth 42 333 Tool Design 43 34 Advantages, Limitations and Areas of Application of Friction Stir Welding Process 43 35 Friction Stir Spot Welding 45 36 Research Advancement in Friction Stir Welding Process 46 37 Summary 70 References 71 4 Friction Stir Processing 75 41 Introduction 75 42 Working Principle Friction Stir Processing 76 43 Processing Parameters in Friction Stir Processing 77 431 Tool Rotational Speed 77 432 Traverse Speeds 78 433 Tool Geometry Design 78 434 Downward or Normal Force 78 44 Advantages, Limitations and Areas of Application of FSP 79 441 Advantages of Friction Stir Processing 80 442 Limitations of Friction Stir Processing 80 443 Areas of Application of Friction Stir Processing 81 45 Research Advancements in FSP 81 46 Summary 100 References 100 5 Friction Stir Welding and Friction Stir Processing: Case Studies 103 51 Introduction 103 52 Experimental Methodology 104 53 Results and Discussion 106 531 Microstructural Characterisation 106 532 X-ray Diffraction Analysis 109 533 Tensile Behaviour 109 534 Electrical Resistivity 111 54 Conclusions 112 References 113 6 Friction Stir Processing Technology: A Case Study 115 61 Introduction 115 62 Materials and Methods 119 621 Material 119 622 Friction Stir Processing Methodology 119 623 Process Parameters 119 624 Tensile Experiment 120 625 Microscopy 120 63 Results and Discussions 121 631 Microstructural Examination 123 632 Fracture Mechanism 126 64 Summary 127 References 127 7 Future Research Direction in Friction Welding, Friction Stir Welding and Friction Stir Processing 131 71 Introduction 131 72 Future Research Need in Friction Welding, Friction Stir Welding and Friction Stir Processing 132 73 Fourth Industrial Revolution and Cloud Computing in Friction Stir Welding 134 74 Summary 138 References 140