MOULD AND CORE MATERIAL FOR THE STEEL FOUNDRY

By ROBERT MILLER

CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE TECHNIQUES FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION STANDARDS FOR MECHANICAL TESTING SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS TENSILE, FATIGUE, AND CREEP TEST SPECIMENS FRACTURE TOUGHNESS SPECIMENS NEED FOR SPECIMEN MINIATURIZATION ALLOY DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PERIODIC ASSESSMENT AND LIFE EXTENSION OF ENGINEERING COMPONENTS WELD JOINTS AND COATINGS FAILURE ANALYSIS MICRO- AND NANODEVICES MINIATURIZED SPECIMEN TESTING—A GENESIS SPIN-OFF APPLICATIONS OF SPECIMEN MINIATURIZATION CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES 2 MINIATURE SPECIMEN TESTING FOR TENSILE AND PLASTIC FLOW PROPERTIES INTRODUCTION TENSILE TESTS WITH SUBSIZE SPECIMENS INFLUENCE OF THICKNESS-TO-GRAIN SIZE RATIO ULTRA SUBSIZE SPECIMEN DESIGNS CHALLENGES IN SUBSIZE TENSILE TESTING SPECIMEN MACHINING AND GRIPPING STRAIN MEASUREMENTS MICRO- AND NANOSCALE TENSILE TESTING ACTUATION AND FORCE/DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT SHEAR PUNCH TEST EXPERIMENTAL METHODS ANALYSIS OF LOAD-DISPLACEMENT CURVE EFFECT OF SPECIMEN THICKNESS AND CLEARANCE ZONE TENSILE–SHEAR STRENGTH CORRELATIONS DUCTILITY FROM SHEAR PUNCH TEST BALL-INDENTATION TECHNIQUE FLOW STRESS FROM INDENTATION STRAIN DEFINITION CYCLIC INDENTATION TESTS YIELD STRENGTH FROM INDENTATION CONTACT AREA AND PILEUP/SINK-IN PHENOMENA NUMERICAL STUDIES ON BALL INDENTATION MACHINE COMPLIANCE FRICTION EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF PILEUP/SINK-IN NUMERICAL METHODS FOR STRESS–STRAIN EVALUATION SMALL PUNCH TEST DEFORMATION REGIMES IN SMALL PUNCH TESTS CORRELATION WITH TENSILE PROPERTIES NUMERICAL STUDIES 3 MINIATURE SPECIMENS FOR FATIGUE AND FRACTURE PROPERTIES SUBSIZE CHARPY SPECIMEN IMPACT TESTING ENERGY CORRELATION TRANSITION TEMPERATURE CORRELATION SCALING OF INSTRUMENTED IMPACT TEST PARAMETERS CHALLENGES IN SUBSIZE IMPACT TESTING FRACTURE TOUGHNESS KIC/JIC WITH SUBSIZE SPECIMENS TOUGHNESS IN TRANSITION REGIME SPECIMEN RECONSTITUTION METHODS FATIGUE AND FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH STUDIES USING SUBSIZE SPECIMENS FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH STUDIES FRACTURE TOUGHNESS FROM SMALL PUNCH TECHNIQUE DUCTILE–BRITTLE TRANSITION FROM SMALL PUNCH TOUGHNESS—LOWER AND UPPER SHELF SMALL PUNCH USING NOTCHED SPECIMEN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS FROM INDENTATION TECHNIQUES INDENTATION ENERGY TO FRACTURE CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS APPROACH 4 CRITICAL ISSUES IN SMALL SPECIMEN TESTING SPECIMEN SIZE EFFECTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR SIZE EFFECT IN SUBSIZE TENSILE AND PUNCH TESTS SPECIMEN SIZE REQUIREMENTS FOR SPHERICAL INDENTATION INDENTATION SIZE EFFECT SIZE EFFECT IN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTING ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIMEN ORIENTATION AND STRESS STATE SPECIMEN PREPARATION METHODS UNCERTAINTY IN SMALL SPECIMEN TESTING ROUND-ROBIN EXERCISES THE EUROPEAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SMALL PUNCH (SP) TESTING ROUND-ROBIN EXPERIMENTS OF BALL INDENTATION 5 APPLICATIONS OF SMALL SPECIMEN TESTING CONDITION MONITORING OF PLANT COMPONENTS UNIQUE CHALLENGES IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY AND ADVANTAGES OF SMALL SPECIMENS SAMPLING TECHNIQUES CONSIDERATIONS IN SAMPLE REMOVAL FIELD EQUIPMENT FOR IN SITU TESTING RESIDUAL LIFE ASSESSMENT PROPERTIES OF WELD JOINTS COATINGS AND SURFACE-TREATED COMPONENTS MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS NANOMATERIALS AND COMPOSITES METALLIC GLASS BIOMATERIALS ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY 5 10 CONCLUDING REMARKS