BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TEXTILE COLORATION

By J. ELLIT

CONTENTS CHAPTER AN INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES, DYES AND DYEING HISTORICAL BACKGROUND MODERN TEXTILES COLOUR, DYES AND DYEING REFERENCES CHAPTER FIBRES AND TEXTILES: PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING PROPERTIES OF FIBRES PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF YARNS FABRIC MANUFACTURE PREPARATION FOR DYEING DYEING AND FINISHING FIBROUS POLYMERS POLYMER STRUCTURE MOLECULAR ORGANISATION IN FIBRES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS SYNTHETIC FIBRES NYLON FIBRES POLYESTERS ACRYLIC FIBRES OTHER SYNTHETIC FIBRES NATURAL CELLULOSIC FIBRES INTRODUCTION COTTON CELLULOSE COTTON PROCESSING OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRES ARTIFICIALLY MADE FIBRES BASED ON CELLULOSE THE FIRST REGENERATED CELLULOSE FIBRES VISCOSE FIBRE CELLULOSE ACETATES PROTEIN FIBRES STRUCTURE OF WOOL FIBRES PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOL WOOL PROCESSING SPECIALITY ANIMAL FIBRES WATER TREATMENT WATER QUALITY FOR THE DYEHOUSE WATER HARDNESS WATER SOFTENING BOILER WATER DYEHOUSE EFFLUENT AND ITS TREATMENT AUXILIARY CHEMICALS FOR WET PROCESSING AND DYEING IMPURITIES IN TEXTILE FIBRES SURFACE ACTIVITY OF DETERGENTS SYNTHETIC SURFACTANTS OTHER APPLICATIONS OF SURFACTANTS AN INTRODUCTION TO DYES AND DYEING DYES DYEING METHODS DYEBATH AND FABRIC PREPARATION TERMS USED IN DIRECT EXHAUST DYEING CONTINUOUS DYEING DYEING THEORY DYEING EQUILIBRIA DYEING KINETICS AGGREGATION OF DYES CONCLUSION DYEING MACHINERY BASIC FEATURES OF BATCH DYEING MACHINES DYEING MACHINES FOR LOOSE FIBRE AND SLIVER MACHINES FOR DYEING YARN MACHINES FOR DYEING FABRIC DYEING MACHINES FOR SPECIFIC ARTICLES CONTINUOUS DYEING EQUIPMENT ACID, METALLISED AND MORDANT DYES GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ACID DYES CLASSIFICATION OF ACID DYES THE APPLICATION OF ACID DYES IN DYEING WOOL MECHANISM OF WOOL DYEING PROBLEMS OF DYEING WOOL LEVEL SPECIAL WOOL DYEING PROCESSES MORDANT DYES FOR WOOL PRE-METALLISED METAL-COMPLEX DYES DYEING NYLON WITH ACID DYES DYEING NYLON WITH METALLISED DYES LIGHT AND OZONE FADING OF ACID DYED NYLON NYLON CARPET DYEING DYEING MODIFIED NYLONS DYEING CELLULOSIC FIBRES WITH DIRECT DYES CHEMICAL CONSTITUTIONS OF DIRECT DYES DYEING PROPERTIES OF DIRECT DYES THE EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN DYEING CONDITIONS THE AFTERTREATMENT OF DYEINGS WITH DIRECT DYES DYEING DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLULOSIC FIBRES THE ORIGINS OF SUBSTANTIVITY FOR CELLULOSE DISPERSE DYES INTRODUCTION TO DISPERSE DYES CHEMICAL CONSTITUTIONS OF DISPERSE DYES DISPERSE DYE DISPERSIONS FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DISPERSE DYES DYEING CELLULOSE ACETATE FIBRES DYEING NYLON WITH DISPERSE DYES DYEING POLYESTER WITH DISPERSE DYES DYEING OF OTHER SYNTHETIC FIBRES REACTIVE DYES THE DEVELOPMENT OF REACTIVE DYES REACTIVE DYES FOR COTTON BATCH DYEING OF COTTON WITH REACTIVE DYES BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYES CONTINUOUS DYEING PROCESSES FOR COTTON REACTIVE DYES FOR WOOL VAT DYES CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION OF QUINONE VAT DYES THE REDUCTION OF QUINONE VAT DYES THE SUBSTANTIVITY AND DYEING CHARACTERISTICS OF VAT DYES FOR CELLULOSIC FIBRES DYEING COTTON WITH LEUCO VAT DYES OXIDATION AND SOAPING AFTER DYEING PRE-PIGMENTATION DYEING METHODS FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF VAT DYES DYEING WITH INDIGO AND INDIGOID VAT DYES SOLUBILISED VAT DYES SULPHUR DYES BATCH DYEING PROCEDURES WITH SULPHUR DYES CONTINUOUS DYEING WITH SULPHUR DYES ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS CATIONIC DYES CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF CATIONIC DYES PREPARATION FOR DYEING ACRYLIC FIBRES DYEING ACRYLIC FIBRES WITH CATIONIC DYES DYEING MODIFIED POLYESTERS AND NYLONS DYES SYNTHESISED IN THE FIBRE AZOIC DYES APPLICATION OF AZOIC DYES FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF AZOID DYEINGS ON COTTON OTHER TYPES OF INGRAIN DYE REFERENCE UNION DYEING FIBRE BLENDS DYEING COTTON/POLYESTER BLENDS DYEING WOOL/POLYESTER BLENDS DYEING COTTON/NYLON BLENDS DYEING NYLON AND POLYESTER VARIANTS COLOUR MEASUREMENT FACTORS INFLUENCING COLOUR PERCEPTION LIGHT SOURCES AND ILLUMINANTS REFLECTION OR TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT BY AN OBJECT HUMAN COLOUR VISION CHARACTERISATION OF THE CIE STANDARD OBSERVERS DETERMINATION OF THE TRISTIMULUS VALUES OF A COLOUR THE MUNSELL COLOUR SYSTEM VISUAL UNIFORMITY OF COLOUR SPACES COLOUR DIFFERENCES AND COLORANT FORMULATION COLOUR DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS SHADE SORTING COLORANT FORMULATION PRINTING FLAT SCREEN PRINTING ROTARY SCREEN PRINTING ENGRAVED ROLLER PRINTING PRINTING STYLES PIGMENT PRINTING PRINTING WITH SOLUBLE DYES TRANSFER PRINTING CARPET PRINTING THICKENERS TESTING OF DYES AND DYEINGS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DYE SOLUTIONS THE EVALUATION OF THE COLOUR YIELD OF DYES FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYEINGS AND THEIR ASSESSMENT IDENTIFICATION OF DYES ON THE FIBRE SEPARATION OF DYES BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES TEXTILE FINISHING MECHANICAL FINISHING METHODS THERMAL FINISHING PROCESSES CHEMICAL FINISHING OF FABRICS FROM CELLULOSIC FIBRES OTHER TYPES OF FINISHING CHEMICALS