BUILDING SANS WITH BROCADE FABRIC SWITCHES
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO SANS INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF SANS TAMING THE STORAGE MONSTER BENEFITS OF BUILDING A SAN ENSURING HIGH AVAILABILITY CONSOLIDATING STORAGE REDUCING NETWORK CONGESTION FROM BACKUP ACCELERATING BACKUP CYCLES SPEEDING UP DATA ACCESS INCREASING SERVER CYCLES ENSURING DISASTER TOLERANCE WHEN TO DEPLOY A SAN DESIGNING AROUND THE APPLICATION ASSESSING SPEED, BANDWIDTH, AND DISTANCE REQUIREMENTS DATA SHARING AND CONSOLIDATION NEEDS RESOURCE SHARING VOLUME-LEVEL SHARING FILE-LEVEL SHARING STEPS TO A SUCCESSFUL SAN DEPLOYMENT SUMMARY SOLUTIONS FAST TRACK FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS CHAPTER 2 FIBRE CHANNEL BASICS THE ARCHITECTURE OF SANS FIBRE CHANNEL PROTOCOL CLASSES OF SERVICE STORAGE NETWORK TOPOLOGIES FABRIC SERVICES FIBRE CHANNEL PROTOCOL BASICS FIBRE CHANNEL LEVELS ULPS CLASS CLASS F POINT-TO-POINT TOPOLOGY FIBRE CHANNEL ARBITRATED LOOP (FC-AL) TOPOLOGY SWITCHED FABRIC TOPOLOGY LOGIN SERVER NAME SERVER FABRIC/SWITCH CONTROLLER MANAGEMENT SERVER TIME SERVER OTHER SERVICES CHAPTER 3 SAN COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW OF FIBRE CHANNEL EQUIPMENT CABLING AND MEDIA GBICS AND CONNECTORS HUBS SWITCHES STORAGE HOST BUS ADAPTERS ROUTERS AND BRIDGES CABLING AND GBICS COPPER VERSUS OPTICAL: SELECTING YOUR MEDIA COPPER CABLING MULTIMODE OPTICAL CABLING SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL CABLING CONNECTING WITH CONNECTORS THE DB-9 COPPER CONNECTOR THE HSSDC COPPER CONNECTOR THE SC OPTICAL CONNECTOR HIGH-DENSITY FIBER-OPTIC CONNECTORS COMPARING GBICS TO FIXED MEDIA USING A GBIC PROS AND CONS OF USING GBICS GBIC PORTS ON EQUIPMENT SERIALIZED VERSUS NONSERIALIZED COMMON PROBLEMS WITH GBICS MEDIA INTERFACE ADAPTERS USING HUBS SIMPLE ELECTRICAL HUBS MANAGED HUBS LIP SERVICE: FIBRE CHANNEL LIPS, PROBLEMS, AND SOLUTIONS GETTING OUT OF THE LOOP: MIGRATING TO SWITCHED FABRIC USING SWITCHES AND FIBRE CHANNEL FABRICS BASIC SWITCH TYPES ENTRY-LEVEL SWITCHES SCALABLE FABRIC SWITCHES CORE FABRIC SWITCHES FEATURES OF FIBRE CHANNEL SWITCHES ZONING REDUNDANCY BUFFER CREDITS PER PORT SELF-CONFIGURING PORTS AUTO-NEGOTIATING SPEEDS IP OVER FIBRE CHANNEL BROADCASTING FIRMWARE UPGRADE METHODS LOOP OPERATION: MAKING YOUR SWITCH ACT LIKE A HUB FSPF COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT INTERFACES SERIAL PORT TELNET SNMP WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT APPLICATION-BASED MANAGEMENT SCSI ENCLOSURE SERVICES CONNECTING YOUR SERVERS WITH HOST BUS ADAPTERS CONNECTING HOSTS TO THE FABRIC HBA TYPES SPEEDS PORTS COMBINATION ADAPTERS FABRIC-CAPABLE VERSUS LOOP ADAPTERS HBA-BASED LUN MASKING PERSISTENT BINDING DEFAULT LUN ACCESS PERMISSIONS UPPER-LEVEL PROTOCOL ACCESS PERMISSIONS DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC DISCOVERY CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE HBA API SUPPORT REMOTE BOOT ACROSS THE SAN HOT-PLUG SUPPORT CONNECTING LEGACY DEVICES INTO YOUR SAN BASIC FEATURES OF ROUTERS NUMBER OF SCSI BUSES TYPES OF SCSI PORTS,TERMINATION SELECTIVE LUN PRESENTATION EXTENDED COPY SUPPORT BRIDGING AND ROUTING TO IP NETWORKS AND BEYOND FIBRE CHANNEL TO DWDM FIBRE CHANNEL ACROSS IP NETWORKS IP OVER FIBRE CHANNEL TO GIGABIT ETHERNET FIBRE CHANNEL STORAGE INDIVIDUAL DISK DRIVES AND JBODS HIGH-END STORAGE ARRAYS LUN EXPORT ACROSS MULTIPLE PORTS SNAPSHOT BACKUP VOLUMES CHAPTER 4 OVERVIEW OF BROCADE SILKWORM SWITCHES AND FEATURES SELECTING THE RIGHT SWITCH SILKWORM 2010 (8 PORTS) AND 2210 (16 PORTS) SILKWORM 2040 (8 PORTS) AND 2240 (16 PORTS) SILKWORM 2050 (8 PORTS) AND 2250 (16 PORTS) SILKWORM SILKWORM 6400 INTEGRATED FABRIC SILKWORM 12000 CORE FABRIC SWITCH UNDERSTANDING THE BROCADE FABRIC OS FABRIC OS CORE FUNCTIONS FIBRE CHANNEL SERVICES FOR RECONFIGURATION DYNAMIC ROUTING SERVICES FACILITIES FOR END-TO-END SAN MANAGEMENT BROCADE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE USING OPTIONAL BROCADE FEATURES BROCADE ZONING EXTENDED FABRICS FABRIC WATCH UNDERSTANDING LOOP SUPPORT, QUICKLOOP, AND FABRIC ASSIST BROCADE WEB TOOLS FUTURE CAPABILITIES IN THE BROCADE INTELLIGENT FABRIC SERVICES ARCHITECTURE BROCADE ISL TRUNKING BROCADE FRAME FILTERING MORE ROBUST HARDWARE-ENFORCED ZONING ENHANCED END-TO-END PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS SECURE FABRIC OS CHAPTER 5 THE SAN DESIGN PROCESS LOOKING AT THE OVERALL LIFECYCLE OF A SAN DATA COLLECTION DATA ANALYSIS ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT PROTOTYPE AND TESTING TRANSITION RELEASE TO PRODUCTION MAINTENANCE CONDUCTING DATA COLLECTION CREATING AN INTERVIEW PLAN CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEWS WHAT OVERALL BUSINESS PROBLEM ARE YOU TRYING TO SOLVE? WHAT ARE THE BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS OF THE SOLUTION? WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE NODES THAT WILL ATTACH TO THE SAN? WHICH SAN-ENABLED APPLICATIONS DO YOU HAVE IN MIND? WHICH COMPONENTS OF THE SOLUTION ALREADY EXIST? WHICH COMPONENTS ARE ALREADY IN PRODUCTION? WHICH ELEMENTS OF THE SOLUTION NEED TO BE PROTOTYPED AND TESTED? WHAT EQUIPMENT WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR TESTING? HOW AND WHEN ARE BACKUPS TO BE DONE? WHAT WILL BE THE TRAFFIC PATTERNS IN THE SOLUTION? WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT CURRENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS? WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT FUTURE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS? HOW MUCH DOWNTIME IS ACCEPTABLE TO PRODUCTION COMPONENTS DURING IMPLEMENTATION? HOW MUCH DOWNTIME IS ACCEPTABLE FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE? HOW MUCH DOWNTIME IS ACCEPTABLE FOR UPGRADES AND ARCHITECTURAL CHANGES? WHEN DO YOU NEED EACH PIECE OF THE SOLUTION TO BE COMPLETE? SUMMARY LIST OF QUESTIONS CONDUCT A PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT ANALYZING THE COLLECTED DATA PROCESSING WHAT YOU HAVE COLLECTED ESTABLISHING PORT REQUIREMENTS SIMPLE CASE MODERATE CASE COMPLEX CASE PREPARING AN ROI ANALYSIS THE RETURN ON INVESTMENT PROPOSITION THE REST OF THE PROCESS AND THE REPETITION OF THE CYCLE CHAPTER 6 SAN APPLICATIONS AND CONFIGURATIONS CONFIGURING A HIGH-AVAILABILITY CLUSTER TYPICAL HA APPLICATION OR DATABASE SERVER MICROSOFT CLUSTER SERVER USING A SAN FOR STORAGE CONSOLIDATION SHARED STORAGE USING A WEB FARM STORAGE PARTITIONING USING SWITCH ZONING SWITCH ZONING CONFIGURATION FOR DEPARTMENTAL SANS STORAGE PARTITIONING USING STORAGE LUN MASKING STORAGE PARTITIONING USING HBA LUN MASKING PARTITIONING WITH SOFTWARE LAN-FREE BACKUP CONFIGURATION SAN SERVER-FREE BACKUP SAN-BASED THIRD-PARTY COPY DATA MOVERS MAKING YOUR ENTERPRISE DISASTER TOLERANT DATA REPLICATION AND REMOTE BACKUP METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK SOLUTIONS CHAPTER 7 DEVELOPING A SAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTIFYING FABRIC TOPOLOGIES AND SAN ARCHITECTURES USEFUL TOPOLOGIES SCALABILITY CASCADE TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY MESH TOPOLOGIES CORE/EDGE OR STAR TOPOLOGIES TOPOLOGIES AT A GLANCE COMPLEX TOPOLOGIES WORKING WITH THE CORE/EDGE TOPOLOGY SCALING WITHOUT DOWNTIME ADDING AN EDGE SWITCH UPGRADING THE CORE DETERMINING LEVELS OF AVAILABILITY CONFIGURING TRAFFIC PATTERNS LEVERAGING TIERS EXPLOITING LOCALITY USING ANY-TO-ANY CONNECTIVITY EVALUATING PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS WHEN IS OVER-SUBSCRIPTION BAD? CONSIDERATIONS OUTSIDE THE FABRIC CHAPTER 8 SAN TROUBLESHOOTING THE TROUBLESHOOTING APPROACH:THE SAN IS A VIRTUAL CABLE A TYPICAL SCENARIO:“I CANNOT SEE MY DISKS” WHERE TO START AND WHAT DATA TO GATHER TAKE A SNAPSHOT: DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM AND GATHER INFORMATION TROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS USING THE SWITCH LEDS SWITCH DIAGNOSTICS HELPFUL COMMANDS SAN PROFILE WHAT DATA CAN A HOST PROVIDE? WHEN TO USE PORTLOG AND OTHER ADVANCED TOOLS TROUBLESHOOTING THE FABRIC WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A MALFUNCTIONING FABRIC HOST BEHAVIOR SWITCH LEDS THE ERRSHOW COMMAND THE SWITCHSHOW COMMAND THE TOPOLOGYSHOW COMMAND THE NSSHOW AND NSALLSHOW COMMANDS NOW THAT YOU SUSPECT A SAN ISSUE: DIGGING DEEPER TIMEOUT OF EDGE DEVICES DURING FABRIC BRING UP PORT CONFIGURATION CONFLICT OR MISSING FABRIC LICENSE SEGMENTED FABRICS TROUBLESHOOTING DEVICES THAT CANNOT BE SEEN WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN THE FABRIC ARE THE HOST AND STORAGE VISIBLE VIA SWITCHSHOW ON THEIR RESPECTIVE SWITCHES? DO THE DEVICES SHOW UP IN THE NAME SERVER? RULE OUT ZONING ISSUES EDGE DEVICE NOT IN THE NAME SERVER TROUBLESHOOTING MARGINAL LINKS MARGINAL POINT-TO-POINT/FABRIC DEVICE LINKS MARGINAL LOOP CONNECTIONS NX_PORT (HOST/STORAGE) BEHAVIOR WITH A MARGINAL PORT IN THE LOOP MARGINAL GBIC/CABLE CONNECTED DEVICE FAULT ISOLATION HOW THE SWITCH CAN HELP: FABRIC WATCH AND QUICKLOOP ZONING OVERVIEW OF SILKWORM PORT ERROR STATISTICS TROUBLESHOOTING I/O PAUSES CHAPTER 9 SAN IMPLEMENTATION, MAINTENANCE, AND MANAGEMENT INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS HOW TO CABLE YOUR SAN FOR EASE OF OPERATION RACKING CONSIDERATIONS IN-BAND OR OUT-OF-BAND MANAGEMENT? IPFC IN-BAND GUIDELINES SETTING SWITCH PARAMETERS WHAT FABRIC OS VERSION SHOULD I USE? LICENSES AUTOMATING SWITCH ADMINISTRATION ACTIVITIES FABRIC OS APIS EXPECT SCRIPTING A SWITCH MANAGEMENT WRAPPER USING EXPECT BROCADE ZONING CONSIDERATIONS WHERE TO ZONE? HARD ZONING OR SOFT ZONING? HARD ZONING AND SOFT ZONING DIFFERENCES ZONE MANAGEMENT SCRIPTING ZONING OPERATIONS ZONING TIPS VALIDATING YOUR FABRIC BASELINE YOUR SAN PROFILE FAULT INJECTION RUNNING AN I/O LOAD TYPES OF LOAD I/O GENERATORS SAN MAINTENANCE THE CONFIGURATION LOG: KEY INFORMATION TO GATHER AND MAINTAIN ABOUT YOUR SAN BACKING UP AND RESTORING A SWITCH CONFIGURATION BRINGING UP A FABRIC EXPANDING A FABRIC: MERGING FABRICS,ADDING A SWITCH, OR REPLACING A SWITCH UPGRADING YOUR FABRIC ISSUES APPLICABLE TO BOTH HOT AND COLD UPGRADES PERFORMING A HOT FABRIC UPGRADE PERFORMING A COLD FABRIC UPGRADE HOW TO AUTOMATE FIRMWAREDOWNLOAD REPLACING OR ADDING AN EDGE DEVICE IN THE FABRIC