HANDBOOK OF CASINGHEAD GAS
CONTENTS SECTION I NATURAL GAS FORMATION AND PROPERTIES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL GAS IMPORTANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF NATURAL GAS 3 NATURAL GAS SOURCES 4 NATURAL GAS COMPOSITION 5 NATURAL GAS CLASSI?CATION 6 THE PHASE BEHAVIOR OF NATURAL GAS 7 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS 8 IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL GAS FOR ENERGY GENERATION AND MATERIAL PRODUCTION 9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOKS ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS REFERENCES CHAPTER 2 NATURAL GAS RESOURCES, EMISSION, AND CLIMATE CHANGE 2 NATURAL GAS CHARACTERISTICS 3 NATURAL GAS ORIGIN 4 NATURAL GAS TYPES 5 NATURAL GAS MAIN CONSTITUENTS AND PROCESSING 6 SOURCES OF METHANE EMISSION 7 METHANE EMISSION MONITORING 8 METHANE EMISSION MITIGATION CHAPTER 3 ROLE OF NATURAL GAS IN THE WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2 PRINCIPLE AND PROCEDURE OF NG EXTRACTION 3 NG PROCESSING 4 NG UTILIZATION 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOKS CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES 2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION AND PRODUCTION PROCESS 3 EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 4 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOKS FURTHER READING SECTION II NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION FROM NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES CHAPTER 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL GAS RESERVOIRS 2 TYPES OF GAS RESERVOIRS 3 COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL GAS 4 THE JOURNEY OF NATURAL GAS 5 OTHER TYPES OF NATURAL GAS RESERVOIRS 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 6 NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION ASSOCIATED TO OIL FROM OIL AND GAS RESERVOIRS 2 NATURAL GAS PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES 3 ASSOCIATED NATURAL GAS PROCESSES 4 ASSOCIATED HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION 5 CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND CASES 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOKS CHAPTER 7 NATURAL GAS FROM OIL PRODUCTION: GAS-LIFT TECHNOLOGIES 2 OIL PRODUCTION OF GAS-LIFT TECHNIQUE 3 GAS-LIFT MODEL 4 MODEL FORMULATION 5 GAS-LIFT TECHNOLOGY COSTS CHAPTER 8 METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF COAL-BED METHANE EXTRACTION 2 GENERATION OF COAL BED METHANE 3 TRANSPORT MECHANISM OF COAL BED METHANE 4 COAL BED METHANE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES 5 ENHANCED COAL BED METHANE AND POSSIBLE CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION 6 CHALLENGES AND WATER PRODUCTION PROBLEMS 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOKS CHAPTER 9 SHALE GAS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 2 SHALE GAS EXTRACTION PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES 3 GAS SHALE GEOLOGY 4 NONAQUEOUS FRACTURING ?UIDS 5 WATER RECYCLING AND TREATMENT 6 DESALINATION AND SUBSEQUENT REUSE OF PRODUCED WATER: TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENTS 7 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ORGANICS IDENTI?CATION 8 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOKS SECTION III SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS (SNG) FROM NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES CHAPTER 10 SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS FROM COAL 2 PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES: THE METHANATION PROCESS 3 CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND CASES: EXISTING GASI?CATION TECHNOLOGIES 4 FUTURE WORKS OR RECENT TRENDS CHAPTER 11 SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS FROM OIL SHALE 2 OIL SHALE CLASSI?CATION 3 OIL SHALE RETORTING PROCESSES 4 CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES 5 FACTORS AFFECTING OIL SHALE PYROLYSIS 6 RESEARCH PROGRESS ON CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF OIL SHALE SECTION IV BIO-SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS (BIO-SNG) FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES CHAPTER 12 NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS: LIGNIN, STARCH, SUCROSE, CELLULOSE 2 CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE, LIGNIN (LIGNOCELLULOSIC CHALLENGES) 3 STARCH AND SUCROSE 4 PRETREATMENT PROCESSES OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS ACKNOWLEDGMENT CHAPTER 13 NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION FROM SEWAGE 2 PRINCIPLES, PROCEDURES, AND PROCESSES 3 CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND CASES OF NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION FROM SEWAGE CHAPTER 14 NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION FROM FOOD WASTE 2 FOOD WASTE TO NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES 3 FOOD WASTE PROCESSING TO NATURAL GAS 4 CURRENT USE OF NATURAL GAS CHAPTER 15 NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE AND MACROALGAE 2 PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES OF NATURAL GAS FROM MICROALGAE AND MACROALGAE 3 MICROALGAE AND MACROALGAE PROCESSING TO NATURAL GAS 4 CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND CASES