A TEXTBOOK OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Introduction 1 Computers and Information Society ···································································· 2 2 Computers Within Society ················································································ 4 3 The World Surrounding Computers, and the Structure of this Textbook ························· 7 4 The Relationship Between the ITEE and this Textbook ············································· 9 Chapter 1 Hardware 1 Basic Configuration of Computers ····································································· 13 1 – 1 History of Computers 13 1 – 2 Five Major Units of Computers 16 2 Data Representation in Computers ···································································· 20 2 – 1 Data Representation 20 2 – 2 Radix and Radix Conversion 23 2 – 3 Representation Form of Data 28 3 Central Processing Unit and Main Memory Unit····················································· 46 3 – 1 Configuration of CPU 46 3 – 2 Main Memory Configuration 49 3 – 3 Instruction and Addressing 52 3 – 4 Circuit Configuration of ALU 61 3 – 5 High Speed Technologies 70 4 Auxiliary Storage ··························································································· 78 4 – 1 Magnetic Disk 78 4 – 2 Optical Disc 86 4 – 3 Semiconductor Memory 89 4 – 4 Other Auxiliary Storage Media and Drives 90 5 Input/Output Unit ··························································································· 92 5 – 1 Input Unit 92 5 – 2 Output Unit 97 5 – 3 Other Input/Output Units 103 5 – 4 Input/Output Control Methods 104 5 – 5 Input/Output Interfaces 105 Exercises ···································································································· 112 1 12 Chapter 2 Information Processing System 1 Processing Type of Information Processing System ············································· 121 1 – 1 Non-interactive Processing System and Interactive Processing System 121 1 – 2 Batch Processing System and Real-time Processing System 122 1 – 3 Centralized Processing System and Distributed Processing System 124 2 Configuration of High-reliability System ····························································· 131 2 – 1 Series System 131 2 – 2 Parallel System 132 2 – 3 Multiplexing System 133 3 Evaluation of Information Processing System ····················································· 137 3 – 1 Evaluation of the Processing Power 137 3 – 2 Evaluation of Reliability 143 3 – 3 Evaluation of Cost Efficiency 151 4 Human Interface ························································································· 153 4 – 1 Human Interface Technology 153 4 – 2 Interface Design 157 5 Multimedia ································································································ 169 5 – 1 Multimedia Technology 169 5 – 2 Multimedia Application 176 Exercises ···································································································· 179 Chapter 3 Software 1 Classification of Software ·············································································· 184 1 – 1 Systematic Classification of Software 184 1 – 2 Classification by Software License 192 2 OS (Operating System) ················································································ 196 2 – 1 Functions and Configurations of OS 196 2 – 2 Management Functions of OS 197 3 Programming Languages and Language Processors ············································ 211 3 – 1 Classification of Programming Languages 211 3 – 2 Language Processor 217 3 – 3 Program Attributes 226 4 Files ········································································································ 227 4 – 1 Files and Records 227 4 – 2 File Access Methods 230 4 – 3 File Organization Formats 231 4 – 4 File Management in Small Computers 235 4 – 5 Backup 238 Exercises ···································································································· 240 120 183 Chapter 4 Database 1 Outline of Database ····················································································· 247 1 – 1 Difference Between Database and File 247 1 – 2 Database Design 248 1 – 3 DBMS (DataBase Management System) 254 2 SQL········································································································· 262 2 – 1 Data Definition 262 2 – 2 Data Manipulation 266 3 Various Databases ······················································································ 279 3 – 1 Distributed Database 279 3 – 2 Data Warehouse 280 3 – 3 Other Related Techniques 281 Exercises ···································································································· 283 Chapter 5 Network 1 Network Mechanism ···················································································· 289 1 – 1 Types and Characteristics of Networks 289 1 – 2 Basic Configuration of a Network 291 1 – 3 Basic Techniques of a Network 293 1 – 4 Transmission Control Procedures 305 1 – 5 Communication Services 310 2 Network Architecture ···················································································· 314 2 – 1 What is Network Architecture? 314 2 – 2 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 314 2 – 3 TCP/IP 316 3 LAN ········································································································· 319 3 – 1 Basic Techniques of a LAN 319 3 – 2 Other LAN Techniques 326 4 The Internet ······························································································· 328 4 – 1 TCP/IP Protocol 328 4 – 2 Basic Configuration of the Internet 336 4 – 3 Internet Services 337 5 Network Management ·················································································· 341 5 – 1 Network Operations Management 341 5 – 2 Network Management Techniques 342 Exercises ···································································································· 344 246 288 Section 6 Security 1 Overview of Information Security ····································································· 352 1 – 1 Concept of Information Security 352 1 – 2 Information Security Technology 361 1 – 3 Information Security Management 374 1 – 4 Information Security Agencies and Evaluation Criteria 381 2 Information Security Measures ······································································· 383 2 – 1 Human Security Measures 383 2 – 2 Technical Security Measures 384 2 – 3 Physical Security Measures 387 2 – 4 Security Implementation Technology 388 Exercises ········································································································· 396 Chapter 7 Data Structure and Algorithm 1 Data Structure ···························································································· 403 1 – 1 Array 403 1 – 2 List 405 1 – 3 Stack and Queue 407 1 – 4 Tree Structure 409 2 Basic Algorithm··························································································· 416 2 – 1 Flowchart 416 2 – 2 Data Search Process 419 2 – 3 Data Sorting Process 426 2 – 4 Other Algorithms 438 2 – 5 Algorithm Design 443 Exercises ···································································································· 445