LINUX 2 ALL-IN-ONE REFERENCE FOR BEGINNERS
ABOUT THIS BOOK CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS BOOK WHAT YOU DON’T HAVE TO READ WHO ARE YOU? HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED WHAT’S ON THE DVD? ICONS USED IN THIS BOOK WHERE TO GO FROM HERE BOOK I: FEDORA BASICS WHAT IS FEDORA CORE? OPERATING SYSTEMS AND LINUX LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS TRANSITIONING TO THE FEDORA PROJECT MAKING SENSE OF VERSION NUMBERS UNDER THE HOOD IN LINUX KERNEL 2 6 WHAT FEDORA CORE INCLUDES GNU SOFTWARE GUIS AND APPLICATIONS NETWORKS INTERNET SERVERS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ONLINE DOCUMENTATION WHAT FEDORA CORE HELPS YOU MANAGE DISKS, CD-ROMS, AND DVD-ROMS PERIPHERAL DEVICES FILE SYSTEMS AND SHARING NETWORK HOW DO I GET STARTED? INSTALL CONFIGURE EXPLORE LEARN FOLLOWING THE INSTALLATION STEPS CHECKING YOUR PC’S HARDWARE SETTING ASIDE SPACE FOR FEDORA CORE DEFRAGMENTING YOUR HARD DISK RESIZING YOUR HARD DISK PARTITION STARTING THE FEDORA CORE INSTALLATION SELECTING KEYBOARD, MOUSE, AND INSTALLATION TYPE PARTITIONING THE DISK FOR FEDORA CORE SETTING UP KEY SYSTEM PARAMETERS INSTALLING THE BOOT LOADER CONFIGURING THE NETWORK CONFIGURING THE FIREWALL AND SELINUX SELECTING LANGUAGES TO SUPPORT SETTING THE TIME ZONE SETTING THE ROOT PASSWORD SELECTING AND INSTALLING THE PACKAGE GROUPS USING TEXT MODE INSTALLATION USING THE LINUX NOPROBE COMMAND TROUBLESHOOTING X RESOLVING OTHER INSTALLATION PROBLEMS THE FATAL SIGNAL 11 ERROR USING KERNEL BOOT COMMANDS SETTING UP PRINTERS TURNING ON SOUND ADDING USER ACCOUNTS MANAGING DVDS AND CD-ROMS INSTALLING RPM PACKAGES BOOTING FEDORA CORE EXPLORING GUI DESKTOPS GNOME KDE PLAYING WITH THE SHELL STARTING THE BASH SHELL UNDERSTANDING SHELL COMMANDS TRYING A FEW LINUX COMMANDS SHUTTING DOWN JOINING THE BITTORRENT THINGS YOU NEED STEPS TO FOLLOW BURNING FEDORA CORE CDS PREPARING A FEDORA CORE DVD DOING AN FTP INSTALL BOOK II: WORKSTATIONS AND APPLICATIONS LEARNING THE COMMON FEATURES OF THE GUIS DESKTOP POP-UP MENUS ICON POP-UP MENUS THE PANEL THE MAIN MENU EXPLORING GNOME USING THE NAUTILUS SHELL CONFIGURING GNOME EXPLORING KDE USING KONQUEROR CONFIGURING KDE OPENING TERMINAL WINDOWS AND VIRTUAL CONSOLES USING THE BASH SHELL LEARNING THE SYNTAX OF SHELL COMMANDS COMBINING SHELL COMMANDS CONTROLLING COMMAND INPUT AND OUTPUT TYPING LESS WITH AUTOMATIC COMMAND COMPLETION GOING WILD WITH ASTERISKS AND QUESTION MARKS REPEATING PREVIOUSLY TYPED COMMANDS LEARNING LINUX COMMANDS BECOMING ROOT (SUPERUSER) MANAGING PROCESSES WORKING WITH DATE AND TIME PROCESSING FILES WRITING SHELL SCRIPTS UNDERSTANDING THE LINUX FILE SYSTEM NAVIGATING THE FILE SYSTEM WITH LINUX COMMANDS COMMANDS FOR DIRECTORY NAVIGATION COMMANDS FOR DIRECTORY LISTINGS AND PERMISSIONS COMMANDS FOR CHANGING PERMISSIONS AND OWNERSHIPS COMMANDS FOR WORKING WITH FILES COMMANDS FOR WORKING WITH DIRECTORIES COMMANDS FOR FINDING FILES COMMANDS FOR MOUNTING AND UNMOUNTING COMMANDS FOR CHECKING DISK-SPACE USAGE TAKING STOCK OF THE FEDORA CORE APPLICATIONS OFFICE APPLICATIONS AND TOOLS CALCULATORS COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE OFFICE APPLICATIONS FOR LINUX ASPELL SPELLING CHECKER DATABASES ADDING A DATABASE USER REVIEWING THE STEPS TO BUILD THE DATABASE DESIGNING THE DATABASE CREATING AN EMPTY DATABASE USING THE POSTGRESQL INTERACTIVE TERMINAL DEFINING A TABLE INSERTING RECORDS INTO A TABLE QUERYING THE DATABASE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS USING A DIGITAL CAMERA PLAYING AUDIO CDS PLAYING SOUND FILES BURNING A CD GRAPHICS AND IMAGING THE GIMP GNOME GHOSTVIEW USING GUI TEXT EDITORS TEXT EDITING WITH ED AND VI USING ED USING VI BOOK III: OPENOFFICE ORG GETTING DOCUMENTS FROM OTHERS TAKING STOCK OF OPENOFFICE ORG WRITER GETTING STARTED WITH WRITER EXAMINING THE WRITER MAIN WINDOW SETTING UP WRITER PREPARING DOCUMENTS IN WRITER EDITING AND REVIEWING DOCUMENTS USING STYLES AND TEMPLATES PERFORMING PAGE LAYOUT CREATING AND INSERTING GRAPHICS USING FIELDS WORKING WITH LARGE DOCUMENTS TAKING STOCK OF OPENOFFICE ORG CALC GETTING STARTED WITH CALC EXAMINING THE CALC MAIN WINDOW SETTING UP CALC USING CALC ENTERING AND FORMATTING DATA CALCULATING AND CHARTING DATA TAKING STOCK OF OPENOFFICE ORG IMPRESS GETTING STARTED WITH IMPRESS USING IMPRESS PREPARING PRESENTATIONS ADDING GRAPHICS AND SPECIAL EFFECTS DELIVERING PRESENTATIONS TAKING STOCK OF OPENOFFICE ORG DRAW GETTING STARTED WITH DRAW USING DRAW BOOK IV: NETWORKING UNDERSTANDING THE INTERNET DECIDING HOW TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET CONNECTING WITH DSL HOW DSL WORKS DSL ALPHABET SOUP: ADSL, IDSL, SDSL TYPICAL DSL SETUP CONNECTING WITH A CABLE MODEM HOW CABLE MODEM WORKS TYPICAL CABLE MODEM SETUP SETTING UP DIAL-UP NETWORKING CONNECTING THE MODEM TESTING THE MODEM SETTING UP AND ACTIVATING A PPP CONNECTION CONFIGURING CHAP AND PAP AUTHENTICATION UNDERSTANDING TCP/IP TCP/IP AND THE INTERNET IP ADDRESSES INTERNET SERVICES AND PORT NUMBERS SETTING UP AN ETHERNET LAN HOW ETHERNET WORKS ETHERNET CABLES CONFIGURING TCP/IP NETWORKING CONNECTING YOUR LAN TO THE INTERNET UNDERSTANDING WIRELESS ETHERNET NETWORKS UNDERSTANDING INFRASTRUCTURE AND AD HOC MODES UNDERSTANDING WIRED EQUIVALENT PRIVACY (WEP) SETTING UP THE WIRELESS HARDWARE CONFIGURING THE WIRELESS ACCESS POINT CONFIGURING WIRELESS NETWORKING LEARNING THE TCP/IP CONFIGURATION FILES /ETC/HOSTS /ETC/NETWORKS /ETC/HOST CONF /ETC/RESOLV CONF /ETC/HOSTS ALLOW /ETC/HOSTS DENY /ETC/NSSWITCH CONF CHECKING OUT TCP/IP NETWORKS CHECKING THE NETWORK INTERFACES CHECKING THE IP ROUTING TABLE CHECKING CONNECTIVITY TO A HOST CHECKING NETWORK STATUS SNIFFING NETWORK PACKETS CONFIGURING NETWORKS AT BOOT TIME BUILDING YOUR OWN HOME NETWORK ADDING WIRELESS TO YOUR CURRENT NETWORK TURNING YOUR FEDORA CORE SYSTEM INTO A NAT ROUTER BOOK V: INTERNET UNDERSTANDING ELECTRONIC MAIL HOW MUA AND MTA WORK MAIL MESSAGE ENHANCEMENTS TAKING STOCK OF MAIL READERS AND IM CLIENTS IN FEDORA CORE USING XIMIAN EVOLUTION USING MOZILLA MAIL MANAGING YOUR INBOX COMPOSING AND SENDING MESSAGES INSTANT MESSAGING WITH GAIM DISCOVERING THE WORLD WIDE WEB LIKE A GIANT SPIDER’S WEB LINKS AND URLS WEB SERVERS AND WEB BROWSERS WEB BROWSING IN FEDORA CORE CHECKING OUT THE WEB BROWSERS IN FEDORA CORE STARTING MOZILLA LEARNING MOZILLA’S USER INTERFACE CHANGING YOUR HOME PAGE CHANGING MOZILLA’S APPEARANCE SURFING THE NET WITH MOZILLA CREATING WEB PAGES INTRODUCING HTML COMPOSING WEB PAGES WITH MOZILLA COMPOSER UNDERSTANDING NEWSGROUPS NEWSGROUP HIERARCHY TOP-LEVEL NEWSGROUP CATEGORIES LINUX-RELATED NEWSGROUPS READING NEWSGROUPS FROM YOUR ISP READING NEWSGROUPS WITH MOZILLA MAIL NEWSGROUP SUBSCRIPTIONS POSTING NEWS READING AND SEARCHING NEWSGROUPS AT WEB SITES USING GRAPHICAL FTP CLIENTS USING GFTP USING A WEB BROWSER AS AN FTP CLIENT USING THE COMMAND-LINE FTP CLIENT BOOK VI: ADMINISTRATION TAKING STOCK OF SYSTEM-ADMINISTRATION TASKS HOW TO BECOME ROOT USING THE SU - COMMAND BECOMING ROOT FOR THE GUI UTILITIES RECOVERING FROM A FORGOTTEN ROOT PASSWORD UNDERSTANDING HOW FEDORA CORE BOOTS UNDERSTANDING THE INIT PROCESS EXAMINING THE /ETC/INITTAB FILE TRYING A NEW RUN LEVEL WITH THE INIT COMMAND UNDERSTANDING THE FEDORA CORE STARTUP SCRIPTS MANUALLY STARTING AND STOPPING SERVERS AUTOMATICALLY STARTING SERVERS AT SYSTEM STARTUP UNDERSTANDING THE GUI STARTUP TAKING STOCK OF FEDORA CORE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION FILES MONITORING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE USING THE TOP UTILITY USING THE GNOME SYSTEM MONITOR USING THE UPTIME COMMAND USING THE VMSTAT UTILITY CHECKING DISK PERFORMANCE AND DISK USAGE VIEWING SYSTEM INFORMATION VIA THE /PROC FILE SYSTEM SCHEDULING JOBS IN FEDORA CORE SCHEDULING ONE-TIME JOBS SCHEDULING RECURRING JOBS USING THE USER MANAGER TO ADD USER ACCOUNTS USING COMMANDS TO MANAGE USER ACCOUNTS UNDERSTANDING THE /ETC/PASSWD FILE MANAGING GROUPS EXPLORING THE USER ENVIRONMENT CHANGING USER AND GROUP OWNERSHIP OF FILES LEARNING THE LINUX FILE SYSTEM UNDERSTANDING THE FILE-SYSTEM HIERARCHY MOUNTING A DEVICE ON THE FILE SYSTEM EXAMINING THE /ETC/FSTAB FILE SHARING FILES WITH NFS EXPORTING A FILE SYSTEM WITH NFS MOUNTING AN NFS FILE SYSTEM BACKING UP AND RESTORING FILES SELECTING A BACKUP STRATEGY AND MEDIA COMMERCIAL BACKUP UTILITIES FOR LINUX USING THE TAPE ARCHIVER — TAR ACCESSING DOS/WINDOWS FILE SYSTEMS MOUNTING A DOS DISK PARTITION MOUNTING DOS FLOPPY DISKS MOUNTING AN NTFS PARTITION USING MTOOLS TRYING MTOOLS UNDERSTANDING THE /ETC/MTOOLS CONF FILE LEARNING THE MTOOLS COMMANDS FORMATTING A DOS FLOPPY WORKING WITH RED HAT PACKAGE MANAGER USING THE RPM COMMANDS UNDERSTANDING RPM FILENAMES FINDING OUT ABOUT RPMS INSTALLING AN RPM REMOVING AN RPM UPGRADING AN RPM VERIFYING AN RPM BUILDING SOFTWARE PACKAGES FROM SOURCE FILES DOWNLOADING AND UNPACKING THE SOFTWARE BUILDING THE SOFTWARE FROM SOURCE FILES INSTALLING SRPMS UPDATING FEDORA CORE APPLICATIONS WITH UP2DATE USING YELLOW DOG UPDATER, MODIFIED (YUM) UNDERSTANDING LINUX DEVICES DEVICE FILES PERSISTENT DEVICE NAMING WITH UDEV MANAGING LOADABLE DRIVER MODULES LOADING AND UNLOADING MODULES USING THE /ETC/MODPROBE CONF FILE MANAGING USB DEVICES MANAGING PRINT QUEUES IN FEDORA CORE SPOOLING AND PRINT JOBS PRINTING WITH THE LP COMMAND CHECKING THE PRINT QUEUE USING LPQ CANCELING THE PRINT JOB USING CANCEL CHECKING THE PRINTER STATUS USING LPSTAT CONTROLLING THE PRINT QUEUE UPGRADING WITH A KERNEL RPM DOWNLOADING NEW KERNEL RPMS INSTALLING THE KERNEL RPMS TRYING OUT THE NEW KERNEL REBUILDING THE KERNEL CREATING A MONOLITHIC VERSUS A MODULAR KERNEL CONFIGURING THE KERNEL RUNNING THE KERNEL CONFIGURATION TOOL BUILDING THE KERNEL AND THE MODULES INSTALLING THE MODULES CREATING THE INITIAL RAM DISK FILE INSTALLING THE NEW KERNEL AND SETTING UP GRUB REBOOTING THE SYSTEM BOOK VII: SECURITY WHY WORRY ABOUT SECURITY? ESTABLISHING A SECURITY FRAMEWORK DETERMINE BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY PERFORM RISK ANALYSIS ESTABLISH SECURITY POLICY IMPLEMENT SECURITY SOLUTIONS (MITIGATION) MANAGE SECURITY SECURING LINUX UNDERSTANDING THE HOST SECURITY ISSUES UNDERSTANDING NETWORK SECURITY ISSUES LEARNING COMPUTER SECURITY TERMINOLOGY KEEPING UP WITH SECURITY NEWS AND UPDATES INSTALLING OPERATING SYSTEM UPDATES SECURING PASSWORDS SHADOW PASSWORDS PLUGGABLE AUTHENTICATION MODULES (PAMS) PROTECTING FILES AND DIRECTORIES VIEWING OWNERSHIPS AND PERMISSIONS CHANGING FILE OWNERSHIPS CHANGING FILE PERMISSIONS SETTING DEFAULT PERMISSION CHECKING FOR SET USER ID PERMISSION USING EXEC-SHIELD USING SELINUX ENCRYPTING AND SIGNING FILES WITH GNUPG UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL SIGNATURES USING GPG MONITORING SYSTEM SECURITY SECURING INTERNET SERVICES USING CHKCONFIG TO DISABLE STANDALONE SERVICES CONFIGURING THE XINETD SERVER TO DISABLE SERVICES USING SECURE SHELL (SSH) FOR REMOTE LOGINS SETTING UP SIMPLE FIREWALLS SCREENING THE ROUTER WITH PACKET FILTERING DUAL-HOMED HOST PERIMETER NETWORK WITH BASTION HOST APPLICATION GATEWAY ENABLING PACKET FILTERING ON YOUR FEDORA CORE SYSTEM USING THE SECURITY LEVEL CONFIGURATION TOOL USING THE IPTABLES COMMAND UNDERSTANDING SECURITY AUDITS NONTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF SECURITY AUDITS TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF SECURITY AUDITS LEARNING A SECURITY TEST METHODOLOGY SOME COMMON COMPUTER VULNERABILITIES HOST SECURITY REVIEW NETWORK-SECURITY REVIEW EXPLORING SECURITY TESTING TOOLS NMAP NESSUS SAINT SARA BOOK VIII: INTERNET SERVERS UNDERSTANDING INTERNET SERVICES TCP/IP AND SOCKETS USING THE XINETD SUPER SERVER RUNNING STANDALONE SERVERS STARTING AND STOPPING SERVERS MANUALLY STARTING SERVERS AUTOMATICALLY AT BOOT TIME EXPLORING HTTP EXPLORING THE APACHE WEB SERVER INSTALLING THE APACHE WEB SERVER STARTING THE APACHE WEB SERVER CONFIGURING THE APACHE WEB SERVER USING APACHE CONFIGURATION TOOLS APACHE CONFIGURATION FILES THE HTTPD CONF CONFIGURATION FILE VIRTUAL HOST SETUP INSTALLING THE FTP SERVER CONFIGURING THE FTP SERVER VSFTPD CONFIGURATION FILES /ETC/VSFTPD/VSFTPD CONF FILE /ETC/VSFTPD FTPUSERS FILE /ETC/VSFTPD USER_LIST FILE SETTING UP SECURE ANONYMOUS FTP TRYING ANONYMOUS FTP KEY FEATURES OF ANONYMOUS FTP INSTALLING THE MAIL SERVER USING SENDMAIL A MAIL-DELIVERY TEST THE MAIL-DELIVERY MECHANISM THE SENDMAIL CONFIGURATION FILE SENDMAIL CF FILE SYNTAX OTHER SENDMAIL FILES THE FORWARD FILE INVOKING PROCMAIL IN THE FORWARD FILE THE SENDMAIL ALIAS FILE INSTALLING THE NEWS SERVER CONFIGURING AND STARTING THE INN SERVER INTERNETNEWS COMPONENTS THE INCOMING CONF FILE THE READERS CONF FILE INTERNETNEWS STARTUP SETTING UP LOCAL NEWSGROUPS DEFINING A NEWSGROUP HIERARCHY UPDATING CONFIGURATION FILES ADDING THE NEWSGROUPS TESTING YOUR NEWSGROUPS UNDERSTANDING DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS) WHAT IS DNS? LEARNING HIERARCHICAL DOMAIN NAMES EXPLORING BERKELEY INTERNET NAME DOMAIN (BIND) CONFIGURING DNS CONFIGURING THE RESOLVER CONFIGURING A CACHING NAME SERVER CONFIGURING A PRIMARY NAME SERVER USING THE NFS SERVER CONFIGURATION TOOL SETTING UP A WINDOWS SERVER USING SAMBA CHECKING WHETHER SAMBA IS INSTALLED CONFIGURING SAMBA TRYING OUT SAMBA BOOK IX: PROGRAMMING LEARNING PROGRAMMING A SIMPLIFIED VIEW OF A COMPUTER ROLE OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM BASICS OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING EXPLORING THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS IN FEDORA CORE GNU C AND C++ COMPILERS THE GNU MAKE UTILITY THE GNU DEBUGGER UNDERSTANDING THE IMPLICATIONS OF GNU LICENSES THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE THE GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE THE STRUCTURE OF A C PROGRAM PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVES INCLUDING FILES DEFINING MACROS DECLARATION AND DEFINITION OF VARIABLES BASIC DATA TYPES ENUMERATIONS STRUCTURES, UNIONS, AND BIT FIELDS ARRAYS POINTERS TYPE DEFINITIONS TYPE QUALIFIERS: CONST AND VOLATILE EXPRESSIONS OPERATOR PRECEDENCE STATEMENTS THE BREAK STATEMENT THE CASE STATEMENT A COMPOUND STATEMENT OR BLOCK THE CONTINUE STATEMENT THE DEFAULT LABEL THE DO STATEMENT EXPRESSION STATEMENTS THE FOR STATEMENT THE GOTO STATEMENT THE IF STATEMENT THE IF-ELSE STATEMENT THE NULL STATEMENT THE RETURN STATEMENT THE SWITCH STATEMENT THE WHILE STATEMENT FUNCTIONS FUNCTION PROTOTYPES THE VOID TYPE FUNCTIONS WITH A VARIABLE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS THE C LIBRARY SHARED LIBRARIES IN LINUX APPLICATIONS EXAMINING SHARED LIBRARIES THAT A PROGRAM USES CREATING A SHARED LIBRARY DYNAMICALLY LOADING A SHARED LIBRARY TRYING OUT SIMPLE SHELL SCRIPTS LEARNING THE BASICS OF SHELL SCRIPTING STORING STUFF CALLING SHELL FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE FLOW EXPLORING BASH’S BUILT-IN COMMANDS UNDERSTANDING PERL DETERMINING WHETHER YOU HAVE PERL WRITING YOUR FIRST PERL SCRIPT GETTING AN OVERVIEW OF PERL BASIC PERL SYNTAX VARIABLES OPERATORS AND EXPRESSIONS REGULAR EXPRESSIONS FLOW-CONTROL STATEMENTS ACCESSING LINUX COMMANDS FILE ACCESS FILENAME WITH PIPE PREFIX SUBROUTINES BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS IN PERL UNDERSTANDING PERL PACKAGES AND MODULES PERL PACKAGES PERL MODULES USING A MODULE USING OBJECTS IN PERL UNDERSTANDING PERL OBJECTS CREATING AND ACCESSING PERL OBJECTS USING THE ENGLISH MODULE