CHEMICAL TESTING OF TEXTILES

By Q. FIANA

CONTENTS FIBER AND YARN IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION NATURAL FIBERS REGENERATED FIBERS FIBER IDENTIFICATION DENSITY MEASUREMENT USE OF INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OTHER METHODS OF SURFACE ANALYSIS REFERENCES CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FEATHER AND DOWN TEXTILE MATERIALS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FEATHERS AND DOWN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF EXTRACTS VISUAL ANALYTICAL METHODS FINISHED PRODUCT QUALITY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEATHER IDENTIFICATION OF LEATHER ANALYSIS OF TANNING MATERIALS TESTS FOR LEATHER PROPERTIES TESTS OF LEATHER PERFORMANCE TESTS OF LEATHER STABILITY (AGEING) ANALYSIS OF COMMON CHEMICALS USED IN TEXTILE WET PROCESSES Q FAN, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS DARTMOUTH, USA 4 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS SURFACTANTS OXIDISING AGENTS AND REDUCING AGENTS MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS ANALYSIS OF CHEMICALS USED IN FIBRE FINISHING SIZING AGENTS LUBRICANTS AND COHESIVE AGENTS OTHER ADDITIVES CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FABRIC FINISHES AND PERFORMANCE-RELATED TESTS ANALYSIS OF FABRIC FINISHES FINISH PERFORMANCE TESTS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE COATINGS AND MEMBRANES CHEMICAL TYPES USED IN COATINGS AND MEMBRANES NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC RUBBERS PREPARATION OF COATINGS FOR ANALYSIS ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS THE BURCHFIELD COLOUR REACTION TEST FOR ELASTOMERS INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF COATINGS BRITISH AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARD CHEMICAL TEST METHODS ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS, ADDITIVES AND COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS CONCLUSIONS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE TO TEXTILES PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF TEXTILE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF CAUSES OF DAMAGE FUNDAMENTALS OF TEXTILE DAMAGE ANALYSIS METHODS OF TEXTILE DAMAGE ANALYSIS DAMAGE ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF FIBRE SPECIAL TYPES OF DAMAGE AND THEIR ANALYSIS SPECIAL APPLICATIONS AND PARTICULARITIES OF TEXTILE DAMAGE ANALYSIS CONCLUDING REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS WATER AND WASTEWATER ANALYSIS SAMPLES AND SAMPLING SPECIFIC TESTS LABORATORY PRACTICES ISSUES AND IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE FUTURE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF COLORANTS COLORANTS GENERAL ISSUES IN ANALYSIS AND THE STEPS INVOLVED IN ANALYSIS MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY (AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS) SEPARATION SCIENCE SUMMARY OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS COLORANT ANALYSIS WITHOUT USING INSTRUMENTS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COTTON COTTON IS THE PUREST FORM OF NATURAL CELLULOSE LIKE ALL THE VEGETABLE TISSUES, IT CONTAINS A SMALL AMOUNT OF MINERAL MATTER THAT IS LEFT AS AN ASH AFTER COTTON IS BURNED THE AMOUNT OF ASH IS ABOUT 1–1 5% THE MINERAL MATTER IN COTTON CONSISTS OF CHLORIDES, CARBONATES AND PHOSPHATES OF POTASSIUM, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM A LARGE VARIATION IS OBSERVED IN THE AMOUNT OF COLORING MATTER FOUND IN COTTON THE SMALL AMOUNT OF VEGETABLE PROTEIN FOUND IN COTTON IS A LITTLE OVER 1% THE IMPURITY CHEMICAL TESTING OF TEXTILES TABLE 1 1 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF COTTON FIBER BY MCCALL AND JURGENS,