CELL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY OF LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION
CONTENTS CHAPTER THE ROLE OF THE SECONDARY CELL WALL IN PLANT RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 THE EFFECT OF ALTERING CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES ON RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS 3 PHENYLPROPANOID AND LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS 4 EFFECT OF PHENOLIC CONTENT AND LIGNIN MODIFICATIONS ON PATHOGEN RESISTANCE 5 CONTRIBUTION OF LIGNIN TO PATHOGEN RESISTANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS 6 EFFECTS OF MODIFYING LIGNIN AND SECONDARY CELL WALL STRUCTURE ON PLANT PATHOGEN RESISTANCE: HYPOTHESES AND OPEN QUESTIONS 7 PERSPECTIVES 8 CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES CHAPTER WOUNDING IN THE PLANT TISSUE 2 SENSING THE WOUNDING THROUGH THE CELL WALL INTEGRITY 3 WOUND-ASSOCIATED DAMPS 4 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION UPON WOUNDING CONCLUSION CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT PROCESSES IN PATHOGENESIS BY FUNGAL AND OOMYCETE PLANT PATHOGENS 1 COMMON PATHOGENESIS PROGRAMS OF FUNGI AND OOMYCETES 2 SPORE DISPERSAL 3 ADHESION TO THE HOST 4 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION DURING RECOGNITION OF THE HOST 5 PENETRATION INTO THE HOST 6 INVASIVE GROWTH WITHIN THE HOST 7 LESION DEVELOPMENT IN THE HOST 8 OTHER NEW GO TERMS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COMPETING INTERESTS ROLE OF EFFECTORS IN PLANT-FUNGAL INTERACTIONS 2 EFFECTOR DELIVERY MECHANISMS OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS 3 TARGETING OF EFFECTORS TO HOST CELLS 4 IDENTIFYING AND PREDICTING EFFECTOR CANDIDATES 5 FACTORS THAT AFFECT EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN EFFECTORS 6 FUNCTION OF CHARACTERIZED FUNGAL EFFECTORS IN BIOTROPHS AND HEMIBIOTROPHS 7 EFFECTORS IDENTIFIED IN BIOTROPHS 8 EFFECTORS IDENTIFIED IN HEMIBIOTROPHS 9 CRISPR/CAS9: A NEW TECHNIQUE TO ACCELERATE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF EFFECTOR FUNCTION 10 CONCLUSION: FUTURE CHALLENGES 11 CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT GENETIC COMPLEXITY OF PATHOGEN PERCEPTION BY PLANTS 1 VIRULENCE AND AVIRULENCE 2 R PROTEINS 3 R GENE EVOLUTION 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION HOST VERSUS NONHOST RESISTANCE: DISTINCT WARS WITH SIMILAR ARSENALS 1 MECHANISMS OF HOST AND NONHOST RESISTANCE 2 HOST VERSUS NONHOST RESISTANCE AGAINST FUNGAL AND OOMYCETE PATHOGENS IN PLANTS 3 HOST VERSUS NONHOST RESISTANCE AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN PLANTS 4 EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE OF HOST AND NONHOST RESISTANCE 5 HOST VERSUS NONHOST RESISTANCE: PRACTICAL APPLICATION FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT CONCLUDING REMARKS THE REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES NETWORK PATHWAYS: AN ESSENTIAL PREREQUISITE FOR PERCEPTION OF PATHOGEN ATTACK AND THE ACQUIRED DISEASE RESISTANCE IN PLANTS 2 PRODUCTION SITES OF ROS IN PLANT CELLS 3 ROS NETWORKING BEYOND THE BOUNDARY OF TOXICITY 4 ROS NETWORK MEDIATING GENE EXPRESSION IN PLANTS RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN ATTACKS 5 ROS MEDIATING STRESS-SENSING AND NETWORK TRANSDUCTION 6 ROLE OF ROS IN MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) CASCADE 7 NITRIC OXIDE IN PLANTS: ANOTHER FASCINATING ROS MOLECULE 8 ROLE OF PEROXISOMAL ROS IN PLANT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 9 ROLE OF ROS AS POTENTIAL MEDIATORS IN APOPTOSIS AND ACQUIRED DISEASE RESISTANCE IN PLANTS 10 CURRENT RESEARCH TRENDS IN PLANTS RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SECONDARY METABOLITES IN FUNGUS-PLANT INTERACTIONS 2 PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI 3 SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION ON THE HOST’S SIDE 4 PHYTOTOXINS, PHYTOALEXINS AND SPECIAL SMS 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE ASPECTS 6 CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT ROLE OF PROTEASES AND THEIR INHIBITORS IN PLANT–PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS 2 FUNGAL PROTEASES TARGETING HOST DEFENSE PROTEINS 3 FUNGAL PROTEASE INHIBITORS TARGETING HOST PROTEASES 4 PROTEASES, PI EFFECTORS, AND THEIR ROLE IN RECEPTOR-MEDIATED HOST DEFENSE RESPONSES 5 CO-EVOLUTION BETWEEN PLANTS AND THEIR PATHOGENS IS REFLECTED BY THE NUMEROUS VARIANT PROTEASES AND PIS IN THE GENOMES OF BOTH ORGANISMS 6 CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE 7 CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT ROLE OF PHYTOALEXINS IN PLANT-MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS 1 PHYTOALEXINS: A GLOBAL SURVEY 2 CHEMICAL DIVERSITY OF PHYTOALEXINS 3 MAIN BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS 4 REGULATION NETWORKS 5 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MICROORGANISMS 6 ENGINEERING OF PHYTOALEXINS AND ROLE IN PLANT DEFENSE MECHANISMS 7 FUNGAL METABOLISM AND TRANSPORTERS 8 ROLE OF PHYTOALEXINS IN HUMAN HEALTH 9 CONCLUDING REMARKS PHYTOHORMONES ROLE IN INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THE SOIL-BORNE FUNGUS FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 2 SA PROMOTES RESISTANCE TO FO 3 JA SIGNALING CAN PROMOTE EITHER RESISTANCE OR SUSCEPTIBILITY IN DIFFERENT HOST–FO INTERACTIONS 4 DUAL ROLE OF ET IN ACTIVATION OF BOTH DEFENSE RESPONSES AND DISEASE SYMPTOMS 5 ABA PROMOTES SHOOT DISEASE SYMPTOMS BUT NOT ROOT COLONIZATION IN ARABIDOPSIS 6 AUXINS AFFECTS BOTH ROOT COLONIZATION AND SHOOT SYMPTOM DEVELOPMENT 7 ARE PHYTOHORMONES DETERMINANTS OF FO LIFESTYLE? 8 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 9 CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT NUTRITION ACQUISITION STRATEGIES DURING FUNGAL INFECTION OF PLANTS 2 DYNAMIC NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS THROUGHOUT THE INFECTION CYCLE 3 REGULATION OF FUNGAL NUTRITION GENE EXPRESSION DURING INFECTION CONCLUSIONS CELL DEATH CONTROL IN PLANT FUNGAL INTERACTIONS 1 SOME HAVE CALLED THEE MIGHTY AND DREADFUL [3] 2 WITH POISON, WAR, AND SICKNESS DWELL [3] 3 THOU ART SLAVE TO FATE [3] 4 POPPIES AND CHARMS CAN MAKE US SLEEP AS WELL [3] 5 AND DEATH SHALL BE NO MORE; DEATH, THOU SHALT DIE [3] CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE METHODS FOR PLANT DISEASE DETECTION 2 CURRENT METHODS FOR CROP DISEASE DETECTION 3 DETECTION OF PLANT DISEASES USING PORTABLE SENSORS 4 CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS PLANTS VERSUS FUNGI AND OOMYCETES: PATHOGENESIS, DEFENSE AND COUNTER-DEFENSE IN THE PROTEOMICS ERA 2 PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF PLANT DEFENSES AND PATHOGEN COUNTER-DEFENSES 3 THE FUTURE OF PROTEOMICS IN STUDYING PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS 4 CONCLUDING REMARKS BOTRYTIS CINEREA VIRULENCE FACTORS: NEW INSIGHTS INTO A NECROTROPHIC AND POLYPHAGEOUS PATHOGEN 1 PHYLOGENETIC INTRODUCTION TO THE GRAY MOLD AGENT 2 A POSSIBLE HOST ADAPTATION OF B CINEREA STRAINS? 3 CONCLUSION – BOTRYTIS ENTERS THE GENOMIC AREA POPULATION STRUCTURE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM SPECIES COMPLEX 2 POPULATION STRUCTURE AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FG COMPLEX 3 CHEMOTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FG COMPLEX 4 MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR FG COMPLEX GENETIC ANALYSES MOLECULAR DEFENSE RESPONSES IN ROOTS AND THE RHIZOSPHERE AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM EFFECTORS AND EFFECTOR DELIVERY IN MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE 1 AVR EFFECTORS 2 NON-AVR EFFECTORS 3 LOCALIZATION OF FUNGAL EFFECTORS IN PLANT CELLS 4 EFFECTOR SECRETION SYSTEMS 5 TRANSLOCATION OF EFFECTORS INTO PLANT CELLS 6 MOVEMENT OF EFFECTORS IN PLANT CELLS COMPUTATIONAL MODELS IN PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS 1 BACKGROUND PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF RESISTANCE: INSIGHTS FROM BRACHYPODIUM-RUST INTERACTIONS 2 THE TWO FACES OF RUST FUNGI—DANGEROUS PATHOGENS AND GOOD MODELS 3 THE PLANT IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE PURSUIT OF CROP HEALTH 4 BRACHYPODIUM DISTACHYON: A MODEL SYSTEM THAT DEFIES RUST DISEASES 5 CONCLUSIONS AND REMARKS FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANT PATHOGENUSTILAGO MAYDIS 2 SYNOPSIS OF THE PLANT-DEPENDENT LIFE CYCLE 3 PROLIFERATION OF HAPLOID CELLS AND CYTOKINESIS 4 MATING AND PHEROMONE SIGNALLING 5 FILAMENTOUS GROWTH AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORKING 6 FILAMENTOUS GROWTH AND CYTOSKELETAL FUNCTIONS 7 FILAMENTOUS GROWTH AND POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION 8 FILAMENTOUS GROWTH AND MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE 9 PLANT INFECTION AND FUNGAL EFFECTOR PROTEINS DISSECTING THE MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WHEAT AND THE FUNGAL PATHOGEN ZYMOSEPTORIA TRITICI 1 THE ZYMOSEPTORIA TRITICI LIFE CYCLE AND PATHOGENESIS PROGRAM 2 Z TRITICI EFFECTORS AND HOST CELL SURFACE IMMUNE RECEPTORS PLAY KEY ROLES DURING THE ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION PHASE 3 Z TRITICI EFFECTORS POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE SECOND, SYMPTOMATIC INFECTION PHASE 4 MANAGING SEPTORIA TRITICI BLOTCH DISEASE IN WHEAT 5 FUTURE STRATEGIES FOR STB DISEASE RESISTANCE 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 7 FUNDING 8 CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT