PENCIL, PAPER AND STARS
CONTENTS 1 AN EXCELLENT ART 2 ANOTHER KIND OF SAILING POSITIVE WAVES PICTURE THIS KEEP IT SIMPLE PROPER PREPARATIONS 3 THE ?RST NAVIGATORS 4 ALL IN THE MIND ROUTE NAVIGATION MAP NAVIGATORS 5 PASSAGE PLANNING CHOICE OF LANDFALL ONE STEP AT A TIME SAILING DIRECTIONS LOG KEEPING 6 A HOME-MADE MAGNETIC COMPASS THE COMPASS ROSE MAKING A MAGNETIC COMPASS 7 DIRECTION FROM THE SUN AMPLITUDES NORTH BY YOUR WATCH A SUN COMPASS 8 DIRECTION FROM THE STARS THE CELESTIAL SPHERE FINDING POLARIS MERIDIAN STARS PLANETS 9 DIRECTION FROM THE MOON 10 TELLING THE TIME GMT ZONE TIME TIME AND THE NAVIGATOR TIME FROM THE SUN MAKING A SUNDIAL TIME FROM THE STARS TIME FROM THE MOON 11 DEAD RECKONING AND ESTIMATED POSITIONS A DEAD RECKONING POSITION THE LOG SHIP ESTIMATED POSITIONS THE TRAVERSE BOARD 12 COASTAL NAVIGATION DISTANCE TO THE HORIZON GEOGRAPHIC AND NOMINAL RANGE OF LIGHTS DISTANCE OFF BY SIMILAR TRIANGLES DISTANCE OFF BY VERTICAL ANGLE DISTANCE OFF BY HORIZONTAL ANGLE DISTANCE OFF BY WINKING DISTANCE OFF BY HORIZON ANGLE DISTANCE OFF BY BEARINGS DISTANCE OFF BY ECHO RANGING 13 HOME-MADE SEXTANTS THE ASTROLABE THE SUN SHADOW BOARD THE LATITUDE HOOK THE KAM´AL THE QUADRANT THE CROSS STAFF THE BACK STAFF 14 SEXTANT CORRECTIONS DIP REFRACTION HORIZON SIGHTS PARALLAX SEMI-DIAMETER 15 MERIDIAN SIGHTS 16 LATITUDE FROM POLARIS LATITUDE FROM POLARIS LATITUDE FROM CIRCUMPOLAR STARS 17 LONGITUDE LUNAR ECLIPSES LUNAR DISTANCES LONGITUDE BY TIME 18 PLANE SAILING PLANE SAILING AND PASSAGE PLANNING TRAVERSE TABLES COURSES 19 CHARTMAKING HOME-MADE CHARTS CHARTS FOR COASTAL PASSAGES 20 SIGNS OF LANDFALL WAVES 21 ACCURACY COURSE ERRORS PLOTTING POSITIONS