ADVANCES IN GENETICS
1 Genetic Control of Sex Differences in C elegans Neurobiology and Behavior 1 I Introduction 2 II Main Text 4 III Conclusions 29 References 31 2 The Neural and Genetic Substrates of Sexual Behavior in Drosophila 39 I Hypothesis on the Master Control Gene for Behavior 40 II Discovery of fru Mutants and Their Phenotypic Characteristics 42 III Molecular Biology of fru Locus 49 IV Cellular Basis of fru Functions in Male Courtship Behavior 53 V Conclusions 58 References 59 3 Sexual Differentiation of the Vocal Control System of Birds 67 I Introduction 68 II Sex-Specific and Sex-Typical Vocalizations 70 III The Endocrinology of Birds’ Vocalization 72 IV Steroid Sensitivity of the Vocal Control System of Afferent Auditory Regions and Modulatory Systems 75 V Sexual Dimorphisms of the Vocal Control System of Songbirds 84 VI Sexual Differentiation of the Vocal Control System of Songbirds 87 VII Sexual Differentiation of Vocal Control Areas in Adulthood 91 References 94 4 Gene Regulation as a Modulator of Social Preference in Voles 107 I Introduction 108 II Oxytocin and Pair Bonding in Voles 110 III Vasopressin and Pair Bonding in Voles 111 IV Gene Regulation in Male Species-Typical Behavior: Evolutionary Tuning Knobs 114 V Sexual Dimorphism 121 VI Coda 122 References 123 5 Genetic Basis for MHC-Dependent Mate Choice 129 I Introduction 130 II The MHC 130 III Mouse Mating Preferences 131 IV Functions of MHC-Mediated Mating Preference 132 V Familial Imprinting Determines H-2 Selective Mating Preferences 133 VI Pregnancy Block 134 VII Parent–Infant Recognition 135 VIII Chemosensory Discrimination 136 IX MHC-Dependent Mating Preferences in Other Taxa 137 X HLA: Odortypes and Mate Selection in Humans 138 XI Conclusions and Implications for Future Work 139 References 140 6 Molecular Biology of Peptide Pheromone Production and Reception in Mice 147 I Introduction 148 II Intraspecies Effects of Volatile Pheromones in Mice 150 III Peptides and Proteins as Social Signals in Mice 151 IV The Exocrine Gland-Secreting Peptide Family in Mice 152 V Molecular Biology of Pheromone Reception 157 VI Pheromone Signals to the Brain 162 VII Pheromones and Evolution 163 VIII Concluding Remarks 165 References 166 7 Environmental Programming of Phenotypic Diversity in Female Reproductive Strategies 173 I Introduction 174 II Main Text 178 III Conclusion 204 References 205 8 Genomic Imprinting and the Evolution of Sex Differences in Mammalian Reproductive Strategies 217 I Introduction 218 II Placental Regulation of Maternal Endocrine Function and Behavior 220 III Genomic Imprinting: Coadaptive Evolution of Brain and Placenta 222 IV Genomic Imprinting, Hypothalamic Development, and Behavior 226 V Sex Differences in the Rodent VNO Pathway 228 VI Brain Evolution and Behavior: A Role for Genomic Imprinting 231 VII Conclusions 237 References 239 9 Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior: Hormones Versus Genes 245 I Role of SRY in Sex Determination 246 II Male and Female Brains are Different 247 III The Central DOGMA of Sexual Differentiation 247 IV Sex Hormones in Brain Sexual Differentiation 248 V Exceptions to the DOGMA 248 VI Evidence for a Direct Role of SRY in the Brain 250 VII Sexual Orientation is a Sexually Dimorphic Trait 251 VIII Homosexual Brains are Different 253 IX The Role of Prenatal Androgen Exposure on Sexual Orientation: Myth or Reality? 254 X Indirect Hormonal Measures 255 XI The Genetics of Sexual Orientation 256 References 260