ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR AND NITROGEN OXIDES

By N. PALII

CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION DEPOSITION ACIDITY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STATES OF DEPOSITED MATERIALS REVERSIBILITY AND IRREVERSIBILITY OTHER RELATED REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION PHENOMENA PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT NOTES REFERENCES 2 ATMOSPHERIC PROCESS TRANSPORT AND MIXING CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION HOMOGENEOUS GAS-PHASE REACTIONS HOMOGENEOUS AQUEOUS-PHASE REACTIONS RELATIVE ROLES OF GASEOUS- AND AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMISTRY DEPOSITION DRY DEPOSITION WET DEPOSITION ATTACHMENT PROCESSES REFERENCES 3 THEORETICAL MODELS OF REGIONAL AIR QUALITY MATERIAL BALANCE DETERMINISTIC MODELS TREATMENT OF TRANSPORT AND MIXING TREATMENT OF TRANSFORMATION CHEMISTRY TREATMENT OF DRY AND WET DEPOSITION LINEARITY OR NONLINEARITY IN THEORETICAL MODELS FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 4 EMPIRICAL OBSERVATIONS AND SOURCE-RECEPTOR RELATION SHIPS AEROMETRIC DATA AND THEIR LIMITATIONS RELATIONSHIPS AMONG AEROMETRIC PARAMETERS THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS CLASSIFICATION OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AIR-MASS TRAJECTORIES STATISTICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS REGRESSION ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL-FUNCTION ANALYSIS ELEMENTAL-TRACER ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL TRENDS ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE BEHAVIOR OF SULFUR AND NITROGEN EMISSIONS FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS NONLINEARITY INFLUENCE OF LOCAL AND DISTANT SOURCES REFERENCES 5 RESEARCH NEEDS FIELD STUDIES CLOUD PROCESSES STUDIES OF CHEMICAL MECHANISMS DRY DEPOSITION TRACERS METEOROLOGICAL STUDIES LABORATORY STUDIES DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL MODELS