CLIMATE CHANGE AND TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS
INTRODUCTION THE CLIMATE SYSTEM CLIMATE SYSTEM COMPONENTS OBSERVED CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT OF THE ATMOSPHERE GREENHOUSE GASES THE CARBON CYCLE AND ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE AEROSOLS, THEIR DIRECT AND INDIRECT CLIMATE EFFECTS DIRECT AEROSOL PARTICLE EFFECTS INDIRECT AEROSOL PARTICLE EFFECTS RADIATIVE FORCING OF CLIMATE CHANGE PHYSICAL CLIMATE PROCESSES AND FEEDBACKS SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION CLOUDS INTENSITY OF THE MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING IN THE ATLANTIC SHIFT OF EXTRATROPICAL STORM TRACKS SOOT VERSUS CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND CLIMATE STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG OR INCREASED TROPOSPHERIC OZONE 2 10 CLIMATE CHANGE AND VEGETATION CLIMATE IMPACT OF REFORESTATION IN THE BOREAL ZONE CLIMATE IMPACT OF REFORESTATION OR DEFORESTATION IN THE TROPICS CLIMATE MODELLING MODEL BASICS AND STRUCTURE CLIMATE MODEL EVALUATION EMISSION SCENARIOS PROJECTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE INFORMATION WHY IS REGIONAL CLIMATE MODELLING NEEDED? CONSEQUENCES OF MEAN GLOBAL WARMING SHRINKING OF THE CRYOSPHERE CHANGES IN SEA LEVEL CHANGED PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION DETECTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ATTRIBUTION OF CAUSES WHAT IS DETECTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE? WHAT IS AN ATTRIBUTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE? FIRST DETECTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE ATTRIBUTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO CAUSES IMPACTS OF AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY WHAT IS A CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT? IMPACTS ON SECTORS IMPACT ON CERTAIN GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT WITHOUT ANALOGUES IN CLIMATE HISTORY CARBON CYCLE FEEDBACKS SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON BARRIERS, OPPORTUNITIES AND MARKET POTENTIAL FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES BASIS OF OPPORTUNITIES: THE TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES EMISSIONS TRADING AS A NEW PRACTICE COSTS OF ADAPTATION MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AS THE PREREQUISITE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GUARDRAILS GEO-ENGINEERING? A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATH INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE POLICY APPROACHES FIRST POLICIES, MEASURES AND INSTRUMENTS THE VILLACH CONFERENCES INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FROM RIO TO KYOTO KYOTO PROTOCOL CLIMATE PROTECTION GOALS IN EUROPE AND GERMANY EMISSION REDUCTION GOALS AND MEASURES IN GERMANY EMISSION REDUCTION GOALS AND MEASURES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION REDUCTION GOALS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (OF THE EU) EVALUATION OF CLIMATE EFFECTS THE GENERAL EVALUATION PROBLEM LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR CLIMATE CONTROL BACKGROUND ISSUES LCA METHODOLOGY STEP 1: DEFINITION OF GOAL AND SCOPE STEP 2: LIFE-CYCLE INVENTORY ANALYSIS STEP 3: LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT STEP 4: INTERPRETATION LCA CASE STUDY: COMPARISON OF CLIMATE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DEFINITION OF GOAL AND SCOPE TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT IMPACT ASSESSMENT RESULTS INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS CLIMATE EFFECTS AND MITIGATION POTENTIALS OF ECONOMIC SECTORS PROCESSES AND TYPICAL EMISSIONS GENERAL MITIGATION POTENTIALS MITIGATION POTENTIAL BY CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS) CLIMATE IMPACTS AND EMISSION MITIGATION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 10 1 RELEVANCE UND TRENDS OF INDUSTRIAL SECTOR EMISSIONS 10 2 CONSEQENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR INDUSTRY 10 3 CLIMATE IMPACTS AND EMISSION MITIGATION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 10 3 1 PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL 10 3 2 CEMENT AND LIME MANUFACTURE CEMENT MANUFACTURE LIME MANUFACTURE 10 3 3 AMMONIA MANUFACTURE AND UREA APPLICATION 10 3 4 ALUMINUM PRODUCTION 10 3 5 CARBON DIOXIDE USE 10 3 6 SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURE 10 3 7 NITRIC AND ADIPIC ACID PRODUCTION NITRIC ACID ADIPIC ACID CLIMATE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PROCESSES 11 1 OVERVIEW ON AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE INTERACTION 11 2 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY LIVESTOCK 11 3 CLIMATE EFFECT OF MANURE MANAGEMENT AND BIOGAS 11 3 1 MANURE MANAGEMENT 11 3 2 BIOGAS PRODUCTION 11 3 3 CASE STUDY: AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN A SPORTS AND RECREATION CENTER 11 4 RICE CULTIVATION 11 5 AGRICULTURAL SOILS CLIMATE EFFECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT 12 1 BACKGROUND 12 2 SOURCE REDUCTION AND WASTE RECYCLING 12 2 1 BACKGROUND AND PRECONDITIONS 12 2 2 GHG EFFECTS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING SOURCE REDUCTION EFFECTS WASTE MATERIAL RECYCLING EFFECTS 12 2 3 CASE STUDY: GHG EFFECTS OF THE GERMAN PACKAGING MATERIAL RECYCLING SYSTEM DSD 12 3 COMPOSTING 12 3 1 COMPOSTING PROCESS CHARACTERS 12 3 2 GHG SOURCES IN COMPOSTING 12 3 3 CARBON SEQUESTRATION BY COMPOST APPLICATION 12 3 4 USE OF COMPOSTING CO2 AS GREENHOUSE FERTILIZER 12 4 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF WASTE DEPOSITION IN LANDFILLS 12 4 1 CLIMATE EFFECTS BY LANDFILL GAS EMISSIONS OVERVIEW ON LANDFILL GAS GENERATION LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY EFFECTS OF LANDFILL MANAGEMENT 12 4 2 CARBON STORAGE BY SOLID WASTE DEPOSITION 12 5 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF WASTE COMBUSTION 12 5 1 TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND – WASTE TO ENERGY (WTE) 12 5 2 CLIMATE EFFECTS BY MSW COMBUSTION CO2, N2O AND POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BENEFICIAL CLIMATE EFFECTS BY RECOVERY 12 6 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL-BIOLOGICAL WASTE PRE- TREATMENT 12 6 1 TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 12 6 2 CLIMATE EFFECTS BY MBP TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE EFFECTS OF MATERIAL RECOVERY OPTIMISING THE CLIMATE IMPACTS OF THE MBP TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE EFFECTS OF MBP WASTE GAS TREATMENT 12 7 WARM – A TOOL FOR GHG EVALUATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ENERGY RELATED CLIMATE IMPACTS 13 1 GHG EMISSION OVERVIEW 13 2 GHG EMISSIONS BY EXTRACTION OF FOSSIL FUELS 13 2 1 METHANE EMISSIONS BY OIL AND NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION 13 2 2 METHANE EMISSIONS FROM COAL MINES 13 3 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF FOSSIL FUEL USE 13 3 1 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF FUEL USE IN POWER PRODUCTION 13 3 2 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION ROAD TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT TRANSPORTATION 13 4 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF OTHER NON-BIOMASS ENERGY SOURCES 13 5 CLIMATE EFFECTS OF BIOMASS DERIVED FUELS 13 5 1 BIOFUELS – FACTS AND DEFINITIONS 13 5 2 CURRENT POLICIES PROMOTING BIOFUELS 13 5 3 BUDGETING OF CLIMATE CONSEQUENCES OF BIOFUELS CLIMATE IMPACTS OF BIOETHANOL CLIMATE IMPACTS OF BIODIESEL 13 5 4 CONSEQUENCES FOR BIOFUELS APPLICATION INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITIES TO REDUCE CLIMATE IMPACTS 14 1 CLIMATE IMPACTS OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF GOODS 14 2 CLIMATE IMPACTS OF MODERN CITY LIFE STYLE 14 3 CLIMATE ORIENTED INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR LITERATURE