NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR MICROELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS
7 TRANSPORT IN MAGNETIC FIELDS AND THE QUANTUM HALL EFFECT 7 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 EFFECT OF A MAGNETIC ?ELD ON A CRYSTAL 7 3 LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS IN MAGNETIC ?ELDS 7 4 DENSITY OF STATES OF A 2D SYSTEM IN A MAGNETIC ?ELD 7 5 THE AHARONOV–BOHM EFFECT 7 6 THE SHUBNIKOV–DE HAAS EFFECT 7 7 THE QUANTUM HALL EFFECT 7 7 1 EXPERIMENTAL FACTS AND ELEMENTARY THEORY OF THE INTEGER QUANTUM HALL EFFECT (IQHE) 7 7 2 EDGE STATES AND THE IQHE 7 7 3 EXTENDED AND LOCALIZED STATES 7 7 4 APPLICATIONS IN METROLOGY 7 7 5 THE FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL EFFECT (FQHE) REFERENCES FURTHER READING PROBLEMS 8 OPTICAL AND ELECTRO-OPTICAL PROCESSES IN QUANTUM HETEROSTRUCTURES 8 1 INTRODUCTION 8 2 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF QUANTUM WELLS AND SUPERLATTICES 8 3 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF QUANTUM DOTS AND NANOCRYSTALS 8 3 1 GROWTH TECHNIQUES SELF-ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS 8 3 2 OPTICAL PROPERTIES 8 4 ELECTRO-OPTICAL EFFECTS IN QUANTUM WELLS QUANTUM CON?NED STARK EFFECT 8 5 ELECTRO-OPTICAL EFFECTS IN SUPERLATTICES STARK LADDERS AND BLOCH OSCILLATIONS 9 ELECTRONIC DEVICES BASED ON NANOSTRUCTURES 9 1 INTRODUCTION 9 2 MODFETS 9 3 HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS 9 4 RESONANT TUNNEL EFFECT 9 5 HOT ELECTRON TRANSISTORS 9 6 RESONANT TUNNELLING TRANSISTOR 9 7 SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR 10 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES BASED ON NANOSTRUCTURES 10 1 INTRODUCTION 10 2 HETEROSTRUCTURE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS 10 3 QUANTUM WELL SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS 10 4 VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VCSELS) 10 5 STRAINED QUANTUM WELL LASERS 10 6 QUANTUM DOT LASERS 10 7 QUANTUM WELL AND SUPERLATTICE PHOTODETECTORS 10 8 QUANTUM WELL MODULATORS