HIGHLY SENSITIVE OPTICAL RECEIVERS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION FUNDAMENTALS POINT-TO-POINT VERSUS POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT ACCESS POINT-TO-POINT ACCESS POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT ACCESS CONTINUOUS-MODE VERSUS BURST-MODE COMMUNICATION CONTINUOUS-MODE COMMUNICATION BURST-MODE COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS OF THE OPTICAL RECEIVER FRONT-END OPTICAL FIBERS PHOTODETECTORS BASICS OF PHOTODETECTORS AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE PIN PHOTODIODE SIGE PHOTODETECTORS HETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTH ABSORPTION COE?CIENT OF SIGE ALLOYS GE-ON-SI IR PHOTODETECTORS SIGEC SIGE/SI PIN HETERO BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR INTEGRATION AMPLI?ERS PREAMPLI?ER, TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER MAIN AMPLI?ER, LIMITING AMPLI?ER LIMITING AMPLI?ER AGC AMPLI?ER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY SIGE HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR (HBT) DEEP-SUB-MICRON CMOS TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER THEORY FEEDBACK THEORY SHUNT–SHUNT FEEDBACK INPUT AND OUTPUT RESISTANCE TIA WITH IDEAL AMPLI?ER TIA WITH FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT OPEN-LOOP GAIN TIA WITH FOLDED-CASCODE AMPLI?ER STAGE TIA WITH INVERTER AMPLI?ER STAGES TRANSIMPEDANCE-GAIN SWITCHING AND STABILITY OF TIA WITH INVERTER AMPLI?ER STAGES THREE-STAGE BURST-MODE TIA WITH INTERNAL FEEDBACK TRANSIMPEDANCE-GAIN SWITCHING AND STABILITY OF THREE-STAGE BURST-MODE TIA WITH INTERNAL FEEDBACK NOISE THEORY SENSITIVITY AND POWER PENALTY BIT-ERROR RATE SENSITIVITY POWER PENALTY NOISE MODELS OF COMPONENTS RESISTOR NOISE MODEL BIPOLAR- AND HETEROJUNCTION-BIPOLAR-TRANSISTOR NOISE MODEL FIELD-E?ECT-TRANSISTOR NOISE MODEL NOISE MODELS OF TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER IDEAL-AMPLI?ER TIA TIA WITH BIPOLAR AND HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR INPUT STAGE TIA WITH MOS INPUT STAGE COMPARISON OF BIPOLAR AND FIELD-E?ECT TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS BASED ON NOISE THEORY NOISE MODELS OF MORE COMPLEX TIAS IN DEEP-SUB-MICRON CMOS TECHNOLOGY NOISE ANALYSIS OF FOLDED-CASCODE TIA TIA WITH CMOS-INVERTER INPUT CIRCUIT STATE OF THE ART SILICON BIPOLAR AND BICMOS OPTICAL RECEIVERS SIGE HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR AND SIGE BICMOS OPTICAL RECEIVERS SILICON CMOS OPTICAL RECEIVERS SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF STATE-OF-THE-ART OPTICAL RECEIVERS DEEP-SUB-µM CMOS CIRCUITS SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT AND COMPONENT MODELS SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT PHOTODIODE MODEL MOSFET MODEL CHARACTERIZATION SETUP DESIGNS AND PROPERTIES OF OPTICAL RECEIVERS FOLDED-CASCODE TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER THREE-INVERTER TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER THREE-STAGE TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER THREE-STAGE BURST-MODE TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER WITH INTERNAL FEEDBACK THREE-STAGE BURST-MODE TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER FOR 25 GB S?1 THREE-STAGE BURST-MODE TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLI?ER FOR ULTRA-FAST GAIN SWITCHING SUMMARY AND COMPARISON REFERENCES