ANALOG INTERFACING TO EMBEDDED MICROPROCESSORS
CONTENTS SYSTEM DESIGN DYNAMIC RANGE CALIBRATION BANDWIDTH PROCESSOR THROUGHPUT AVOIDING EXCESS SPEED OTHER SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS SAMPLE RATE AND ALIASING ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS ADCS TYPES OF ADCS ADC COMPARISON SAMPLE AND HOLD REAL PARTS MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING CLOCKED INTERFACES SERIAL INTERFACES MULTICHANNEL ADCS INTERNAL MICROCONTROLLER ADCS CODECS INTERRUPT RATES DUAL-FUNCTION PINS ON MICROCONTROLLERS DESIGN CHECKLIST SENSORS TEMPERATURE SENSORS OPTICAL SENSORS CCDS MAGNETIC SENSORS MOTION/ACCELERATION SENSORS STRAIN GAUGES TIME-BASED MEASUREMENTS MEASURING PERIOD VERSUS FREQUENCY MIXING VOLTAGE-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERTERS CLOCK RESOLUTION AND RANGE EXTENDING ACCURACY WITH LIMITED RESOLUTION OUTPUT CONTROL METHODS OPEN-LOOP CONTROL NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND CONTROL MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SYSTEMS ON-OFF CONTROL OVERSHOOT PROPORTIONAL CONTROL PROPORTIONAL, INTEGRAL, DERIVATIVE CONTROL MOTOR CONTROL PREDICTIVE CONTROL MEASURING AND ANALYZING CONTROL LOOPS PID SOFTWARE EXAMPLES THINGS TO REMEMBER IN CONTROL DESIGN SOLENOIDS, RELAYS, AND OTHER ANALOG OUTPUTS SOLENOIDS HEATERS COOLERS LEDS DACS DIGITAL POTENTIOMETERS ANALOG SWITCHES MOTORS STEPPER MOTORS DC MOTORS TRADEOFFS BETWEEN MOTORS POWER-UP ISSUES MOTOR TORQUE A REAL-WORLD STEPPER APPLICATION ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE GROUND LOOPS ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE HIGH-PRECISION APPLICATIONS INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE INPUT RESISTANCE FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN RESISTORS VOLTAGE REFERENCES TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN GENERAL NOISE AND GROUNDING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT STATISTICAL TOLERANCING SUPPLY-BASED REFERENCES SUMMARY 10 STANDARD INTERFACES 4–20 MA CURRENT LOOP FIELDBUS 11 ANALOG TOOLBOX MICROCONTROLLER SUPPLY AND REFERENCE RESISTOR NETWORKS MULTIPLE INPUT CONTROL AC CONTROL VOLTAGE MONITORS AND SUPERVISORY CIRCUITS