RF CIRCUIT DESIGN
CONTENTS PART I INDIVIDUAL RF BLOCKS 1 LNA (LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER) INTRODUCTION / SINGLE-ENDED SINGLE DEVICE LNA / SINGLE-ENDED CASCODE LNA / LNA WITH AGC (AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL) / REFERENCES / 2 MIXERS PASSIVE MIXERS / ACTIVE MIXERS / DESIGN SCHEMES / APPENDICES / 3 DIFFERENTIAL PAIRS WHY DIFFERENTIAL PAIRS? / CAN DC OFFSET BE BLOCKED BY A CAPACITOR? / FUNDAMENTALS OF DIFFERENTIAL PAIRS / CMRR (COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO) / 4 RF BALUN TRANSFORMER BALUNS / LC BALUNS / MICRO STRIP LINE BALUNS / MIXED TYPES OF BALUNS / 5 TUNABLE FILTERS TUNABLE FILTERS IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS / COUPLING BETWEEN TWO TANK CIRCUITS / CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION / EFFECT OF SECOND COUPLING / PERFORMANCE / 6 VCO (VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR) “THREE-POINT” TYPE OSCILLATORS / OTHER SINGLE-ENDED OSCILLATORS / VCO AND PLL / DESIGN EXAMPLE OF A SINGLE-ENDED VCO / DIFFERENTIAL VCO AND QUAD PHASES VCO / 7 POWER AMPLIFIERS (PA) CLASSI? CATIONS OF POWER AMPLI? ERS / SINGLE-ENDED PA DESIGN / SINGLE-ENDED PA-IC DESIGN / PUSH-PULL PA DESIGN / PA WITH TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION / PA WITH OUTPUT POWER CONTROL / LINEAR PA / CONTENTS PART II DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES AND SCHEMES 8 DIFFERENT METHODOLOGY BETWEEN RF AND DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN CONTROVERSY / DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RF AND DIGITAL BLOCKS IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM / CONCLUSION / NOTES FOR HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN / 9 VOLTAGE AND POWER TRANSPORTATION VOLTAGE DELIVERED FROM A SOURCE TO A LOAD / POWER DELIVERED FROM A SOURCE TO A LOAD / IMPEDANCE CONJUGATE MATCHING / ADDITIONAL EFFECTS OF IMPEDANCE MATCHING / 10 IMPEDANCE MATCHING IN NARROW-BAND CASE IMPEDANCE MATCHING BY MEANS OF RETURN LOSS ADJUSTMENT / IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK BUILT OF ONE PART / IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK BUILT OF TWO PARTS / IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK BUILT OF THREE PARTS / IMPEDANCE MATCHING WHEN ZS OR ZL IS NOT 50 ? / PARTS IN AN IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK / 11 IMPEDANCE MATCHING IN A WIDE-BAND CASE APPEARANCE OF NARROW- AND WIDE-BAND RETURN LOSS ON A SMITH CHART / IMPEDANCE VARIATION DUE TO INSERTION OF ONE PART PER ARM OR PER BRANCH / IMPEDANCE VARIATION DUE TO THE INSERTION OF TWO PARTS PER ARM OR PER BRANCH / IMPEDANCE MATCHING IN IQ MODULATOR DESIGN FOR A UWB SYSTEM / DISCUSSION OF WIDE-BAND IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORKS / CONTENTS 12 IMPEDANCE AND GAIN OF A RAW DEVICE MILLER EFFECT / SMALL SIGNAL MODEL OF A BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR / BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR WITH CE (COMMON EMITTER) CON? GURATION / BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR WITH CB (COMMON BASE) CON? GURATION / BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR WITH CC (COMMON COLLECTOR) CON? GURATION / SMALL SIGNAL MODEL OF A MOSFET TRANSISTOR / SIMILARITY BETWEEN BIPOLAR AND MOSFET TRANSISTORS / MOSFET TRANSISTOR WITH CS (COMMON SOURCE) CON? GURATION / MOSFET TRANSISTOR WITH CG (COMMON GATE) CON? GURATION / MOSFET TRANSISTOR WITH CD (COMMON DRAIN) CON? GURATION / 12 12 COMPARISON OF BIPOLAR AND MOSFET TRANSISTORS IN VARIOUS CON? GURATIONS / 13 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT SCALE AND VECTOR VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT / DIRECT IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT BY NETWORK ANALYZER / ALTERNATIVE IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT BY NETWORK ANALYZER / IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF A CIRCULATOR / 14 GROUNDING IMPLICATIONS OF GROUNDING / POSSIBLE GROUNDING PROBLEMS HIDDEN IN A SCHEMATIC / IMPERFECT OR INAPPROPRIATE GROUNDING EXAMPLES / “ZERO” CAPACITOR / QUARTER WAVELENGTH OF MICRO STRIP LINE / 15 EQUIPOTENTIALITY AND CURRENT COUPLING ON THE GROUND SURFACE EQUIPOTENTIALITY ON THE GROUND SURFACE / FORWARD AND RETURN CURRENT COUPLING / PCB OR IC CHIP WITH MULTI-METALLIC LAYERS / CONTENTS APPENDICES / RFIC (RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUIT) AND SOC (SYSTEM ON CHIP) INTERFERENCE AND ISOLATION / SHIELDING FOR AN RF MODULE BY A METALLIC SHIELDING BOX / STRONG DESIRABILITY TO DEVELOP RFIC / INTERFERENCE GOING ALONG AN IC SUBSTRATE PATH / SOLUTION FOR INTERFERENCE COMING FROM THE SKY / COMMON GROUNDING RULES FOR AN RF MODULE AND RFIC DESIGN / BOTTLENECKS IN RFIC DESIGN / PROSPECT OF SOC / WHAT IS NEXT? / 17 MANUFACTURABILITY OF PRODUCT DESIGN IMPLICATION OF 6? DESIGN / APPROACHING 6? DESIGN / MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS / PART III RF SYSTEM ANALYSIS 18 MAIN PARAMETERS AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS IN RF CIRCUIT DESIGN POWER GAIN / NOISE / NON-LINEARITY / OTHER PARAMETERS / EXAMPLE OF RF SYSTEM ANALYSIS /