HANDBOOK OF ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS
CONTENTS 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS REVISITED 2 APPLIED ELECTROSTATICS 3 MAGNETOSTATICS 4 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 5 WAVE PROPAGATION 6 TRANSMISSION LINES 7 WAVEGUIDES AND RESONATORS 8 ANTENNAS: FUNDAMENTALS 9 ANTENNAS: REPRESENTATIVE TYPES 10 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 11 RADAR 12 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 13 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 14 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 15 NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES 16 BIOLOGICAL E?ECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 17 BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS REVISITED IN THIS CHAPTER, WE PRESENT IN A NUTSHELL THE FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS FROM THE VIEW OF LOOKING BACK IN A RE?ECTIVE FASHION AT WHAT HAS ALREADY BEEN LEARNED IN UNDERGRADUATE ELECTROMAGNETICS COURSES AS A NOVICE THE ?RST QUESTION THAT COMES TO MIND IN THIS CONTEXT IS ON WHAT CONSTITUTES THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS IF THE QUESTION IS POSED TO SEVERAL INDIVIDUALS, IT IS CERTAIN THAT THEY WILL COME UP WITH SETS OF TOPICS, NOT NECESSARILY THE SAME OR IN THE SAME ORDER, BUT ALL CONTAINING THE TOPIC OF MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AT SOME POINT IN THE LIST, RANGING FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END OF THE LIST IN MOST CASES, THE RESPONSE IS BOUND TO DEPEND ON THE MANNER IN WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL WAS ?RST EXPOSED TO THE SUBJECT JUDGING FROM THE CONTENTS OF THE VAST COLLECTION OF UNDERGRADUATE TEXTBOOKS ON ELECTROMAGNETICS, THERE IS DE?NITELY A HEAVY TILT TOWARD THE TRADITIONAL, OR HISTORICAL, APPROACH OF BEGINNING WITH STATICS AND CULMINATING IN MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS, WITH PERHAPS AN INTRODUCTION TO WAVES PRIMARILY TO PROVIDE A MORE REWARDING UNDERSTANDING AND APPRECIATION OF THE SUBJECT MATTER, AND SECONDARILY OWING TO MY OWN FASCINATION RESULTING FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE AS A STUDENT, A TEACHER, AND AN AUTHOR [1–7] OVER A FEW DECADES, I HAVE EMPLOYED IN THIS CHAPTER THE APPROACH OF BEGINNING WITH MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AND TREATING THE DI?ERENT CATEGORIES OF ?ELDS AS SOLUTIONS TO MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS IN DOING SO, INSTEAD OF PRESENTING THE TOPICS IN AN UNCONNECTED MANNER, I HAVE USED THE THREAD OF STATICS–QUASISTATICS–WAVES TO COVER THE FUNDAMENTALS AND BRING OUT THE FREQUENCY BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL STRUCTURES AT THE SAME TIME 11 FIELD CONCEPTS AND CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS 111 LORENTZ FORCE EQUATION A REGION IS SAID TO BE CHARACTERIZED BY AN ELECTRIC ?ELD IF A PARTICLE OF CHARGE Q MOVING WITH A VELOCITY V EXPERIENCES A FORCE FE, INDEPENDENT OF V THE FORCE, FE, IS GIVEN BY FE ¼ QE Ð1:1Þ