POWER HOUSE DESIGN

By CHARLOTTE RAMIREZ

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1 11 General Observations 1 12 Codes of Practice and Normalization 3 121 Introduction 3 122 Eurocode 3 6 123 Other standards 7 13 Basis of Design 8 131 Basic concepts 8 132 Reliability management 9 133 Basic variables 13 1331 Introduction 13 1332 Actions and environmental influences 13 1333 Material properties 14 1334 Geometrical data 15 134 Ultimate limit states 15 135 Serviceability limit states 16 136 Durability 18 137 Sustainability 19 14 Materials 21 141 Material specification 21 142 Mechanical properties 22 143 Toughness and through thickness properties 25 144 Fatigue properties 27 145 Corrosion resistance 27 15 Geometric Characteristics and Tolerances 28 Chapter 2 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 33 21 Introduction 33 22 Structural Modelling 34 221 Introduction 34 222 Choice of member axis 36 223 Influence of eccentricities and supports 38 224 Non-prismatic members and members with curved axis 39 225 Influence of joints 44 226 Combining beam elements together with two and three dimensional elements 51 227 Worked examples 52 23 Global Analysis of Steel Structures 75 231 Introduction 75 232 Structural stability of frames 77 2321 Introduction 77 2322 Elastic critical load 80 2323 2nd order analysis 86 233 Imperfections 87 234 Worked example 93 24 Classification of Cross Sections 108 Chapter 3 DESIGN OF MEMBERS 115 31 Introduction 115 311 General 115 312 Resistance of cross sections 116 3121 General criteria 116 3122 Section properties 117 313 Buckling resistance of members 121 32 Tension 121 321 Behaviour in tension 121 322 Design for tensile force 123 323 Worked examples 126 33 Laterally Restrained Beams 134 331 Introduction 134 332 Design for bending 135 3321 Elastic and plastic bending moment resistance 135 3322 Uniaxial bending 137 3323 Bi-axial bending 138 3324 Net area in bending 139 333 Design for shear 139 334 Design for combined shear and bending 140 335 Worked examples 142 34 Torsion 154 341 Theoretical background 154 3411 Introduction 154 3412 Uniform torsion 156 3413 Non-uniform torsion 157 3414 Cross section resistance in torsion 161 342 Design for torsion 164 343 Worked examples 166 35 Compression 172 351 Theoretical background 172 3511 Introduction 172 3512 Elastic critical load 172 3513 Effect of imperfections and plasticity 177 352 Design for compression 183 353 Worked examples 188 36 Laterally Unrestrained Beams 197 361 Introduction 197 362 Lateral-torsional buckling 197 3621 Introduction 197 3622 Elastic critical moment 198 3623 Effect of imperfections and plasticity 208 363 Lateral-torsional buckling resistance 210 364 Worked examples 214 37 Beam-Columns 223 371 Introduction 223 372 Cross section resistance 224 3721 Theoretical background 224 3722 Design resistance 227 373 Buckling resistance 230 3731 Theoretical background 230 3732 Design resistance 233 374 Worked examples 242 Chapter 4 ELASTIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES 271 41 Introduction 271 42 Simplified Methods of Analysis 273 421 Introduction 273 422 Amplified sway-moment method 275 423 Sway-mode buckling length method 277 424 Worked example 278 43 Member Stability of Non-prismatic Members and Components 288 431 Introduction 288 432 Non-prismatic members 288 433 Members with intermediate restraints 293 434 General method 299 435 Worked example 302 44 Design Example 1: Elastic Design of Braced Steel-Framed Building 317 441 Introduction 317 442 Description of the structure 318 443 General safety criteria, actions and combinations of actions 321 4431 General safety criteria 321 4432 Permanent actions 321 4433 Imposed loads 321 4434 Wind actions 322 4435 Summary of basic actions 329 4436 Frame imperfections 329 4437 Load combinations 332 4438 Load arrangement 334 444 Structural analysis 335 4441 Structural model 335 4442 Linear elastic analysis 336 4443 Susceptibility to 2nd order effects: elastic critical loads 336 4444 2nd order elastic analysis 338 445 Design checks 339 4451 General considerations 339 4452 Cross section resistance 341 4453 Buckling resistance of beams 342 4454 Buckling resistance of columns and beam-columns 342 Chapter 5 PLASTIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES 343 51 General Rules for Plastic Design 343 511 Introduction 343 512 Plastic limit analysis: method of mechanisms 344 513 Code requirements for plastic analysis 349 52 Methods of Analysis 352 521 Introduction 352 522 Approximate methods for pre-design 352 523 Computational analysis 364 524 2nd order effects 369 5241 Introduction 369 5242 Elastic critical load 369 5243 2nd order computational analysis 372 5244 Simplified methods for analysis 373 525 Worked example 375 53 Member Stability and Buckling Resistance 385 531 Introduction 385 532 General criteria for the verification of the stability of members with plastic hinges 385 533 Bracings 386 534 Verification of the stability of members with plastic hinges 389 5341 Introduction 389 5342 Prismatic members constituted by hot-rolled or equivalent welded I sections 390 5343 Haunched or tapered members made of rolled or equivalent welded I sections 392 5344 Modification factors for moment gradients in members laterally restrained along the tension flange 395 535 Worked examples 397 54 Design Example 2: Plastic Design of Industrial Building 407 541 Introduction 407 542 General description 408 543 Quantification of actions, load combinations and general safety criteria 408 5431 General criteria 408 5432 Permanent actions 409 5433 Imposed loads 409 5434 Snow loads 409 5435 Wind loads 410 5436 Summary of basic actions 415 5437 Imperfections 415 5438 Load combinations 416 544 Pre-design 418 545 Structural analysis 421 5451 Linear elastic analysis 421 5452 2nd order effects 423 5453 Elastic-plastic analysis 424 546 Code checks 426 5461 General considerations 426 5462 Cross section resistance 426 5463 Buckling resistance of the rafters 426 5464 Buckling resistance of the columns 429 547 Synthesis 429 REFERENCES 431