POWER ELECTRONIC CONTROL IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DE?NITION AND PROPERTIES GENERAL DE?NITION SYNCHRONOUS AND SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS RELATIONSHIP WITH VR STEPPER MOTORS TERMINOLOGY GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS THE PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK 2 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY EARLY EXAMPLES THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE: AN EARLY RELUCTANCE MOTOR THE RELUCTANCE MOTOR ECLIPSED BY D C AND A C MACHINES THE PHONIC WHEEL BOUCHERˆOT’S SYNCHRONOUS OSCILLATING RELUCTANCE MOTORS THE SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTOR THE ADMIRALTY ‘M’ TYPE STEPPER MOTOR EARLY ELECTRONIC SWITCHING IN THE 1930S USING MERCURY ARC RECTI?ERS AND THYRATRONS THE ARRIVAL OF THE THYRISTOR IN THE EARLY 1960S: DEVELOPMENT OF THE SWINGING-?ELD MACHINE DEVELOPMENT SINCE THE DAWN OF THE MODERN ERA SEMINAL WORK IN THE MODERN ERA THE PRESENT STATUS OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE TECHNOLOGY PATENT ACTIVITY SUMMARY 3 ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY CONVERSION DE?NITIONS ALIGNED AND UNALIGNED POSITIONS VARIATION OF INDUCTANCE WITH ROTOR POSITION LINEAR ANALYSIS OF THE VOLTAGE EQUATION AND TORQUE PRODUCTION NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF TORQUE PRODUCTION CONTINUOUS TORQUE PRODUCTION STATOR/ROTOR POLE NUMBERS ENERGY CONVERSION ANALYSIS OF THE SATURATED MACHINE ENERGY RATIO AND CONVERTER VOLT-AMPERE REQUIREMENT ESTIMATION OF THE COMMUTATION ANGLE BASIC TORQUE/SPEED CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY-CONVERSION LOOP OBTAINING THE MAGNETIZATION CURVES CALCULATION SOLUTION OF THE MACHINE EQUATIONS PC-SRD METHOD A METHOD THAT USES CO-ENERGY AND AVOIDS INTEGRATION 4 DESIGNING FOR LOW NOISE NOISE IN THE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACHINE NOISE-GENERATION MECHANISMS AND CHARACTERIZATION NOISE CHARACTERIZATION TESTING METHODS FOR AVOIDING NOISY OPERATION THE 39 STEPS COMMUTATION CONTROL THE STAGGER-TOOTHTM MOTOR 5 AVERAGE TORQUE CONTROL VARIATION OF CURRENT WAVEFORM WITH TORQUE AND SPEED LOW-SPEED MOTORING HIGH-SPEED MOTORING OPERATION AT MUCH HIGHER SPEED LOW-SPEED GENERATING HIGH-SPEED GENERATING OPERATING REGIONS – TORQUE/SPEED CHARACTERISTIC MULTIPLE-PHASE OPERATION CURRENT REGULATION SOFT CHOPPING, HARD CHOPPING, AND CONDUCTION MODES SINGLE-PULSE CONTROL AT HIGH SPEED CURRENT REGULATION AND VOLTAGE-PWM AT LOW AND MEDIUM SPEEDS ADDITIONAL CURRENT REGULATION TECHNIQUES MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF CHOPPING REGULATION ALGORITHMS MOTOR CONTROL GENERATOR CONTROL OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONTROL VARIABLES 6 INSTANTANEOUS TORQUE CONTROL FORMULATION OF TORQUE CONTROL PROBLEM PREVIOUS WORK AND REVIEW CHOICE OF PHASE AND POLE-NUMBERS THEORY OF INSTANTANEOUS TORQUE CONTROL MAXIMUM TORQUE PER AMPERE CONTROL MAXIMUM TORQUE PER ?UX CONTROL DETAILED OPERATION OF TORQUE-SHARING FUNCTIONS OPERATING LIMITS IMPOSED BY CONTROLLER VOLTAGE SIMULATED TORQUE/SPEED CHARACTERISTICS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TORQUE RIPPLE ASSESSMENT ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR TORQUE RIPPLE ASSESSMENT TORQUE LINEARITY MEASURED TORQUE/SPEED CAPABILITY SOME COMMENTS ON THE TORQUE CONTROL SCHEME APPLICATION OF ITC IN SERVO-SYSTEM INHERENT LIMITS TO PERFORMANCE IMPOSED BY TORQUE CONTROL DYNAMIC TEST-RIG DESIGN OF VELOCITY CONTROL LOOP DESIGN OF POSITION CONTROL LOOP PRO?LED MOTION CONTROL OPERATION VARIABLE-SPEED MEASUREMENTS DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 7 SENSORLESS CONTROL CLASSI?CATION OF SENSORLESS METHODS OPEN-LOOP METHODS ENERGIZED PHASE METHODS CHOPPING WAVEFORM REGENERATIVE CURRENT FLUX-LINKAGE STATE OBSERVERS IRREGULARITIES IN STATOR/ROTOR POLES CURRENT WAVEFORM UNENERGIZED PHASE METHODS ACTIVE PROBING MODULATED SIGNAL INJECTION MUTUALLY INDUCED SYSTEMS CURRENT GRADIENT SENSORLESS METHOD SENSORLESS METHOD BASED ON ?UX-LINKAGE AND CURRENT OBSERVERS TORQUE RIPPLE CONTROL IN A PRACTICAL APPLICATION – KEVIN MCLAUGHLIN GENERAL APPROACH BLACK BOX APPROACH PREVIOUS APPROACHES THE BLACK BOX APPROACH: PROBLEM DE?NITION THE ZERO PHASE OR ANTI-CAUSAL ?LTER ANTI-CAUSAL ?LTERS AND TORQUE RIPPLE DATA COMPENSATED MISCELLANEOUS DYNAMICS SPATIAL FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS AN EXAMPLE OF SPATIAL FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS SELECTION OF THE ANTI-CAUSAL ?LTER FREQUENCY INITIAL PRO?LE TABLE GENERATION TWO-DIMENSIONAL INTERPOLATION AND TABLE STORAGE TORQUE RIPPLE REDUCTION ALGORITHM EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AT A SINGLE TORQUE LEVEL RIPPLE REDUCTION AT ALL TORQUE LEVELS ACOUSTIC NOISE ANALYSIS OF THE MICROPHONE MODEL ANALYSIS OF WU AND POLLOCK’S DEADBEAT CONTROL CURRENT CONTROL LOOP TOPOLOGIES DRIVE DEVELOPMENT AND TEST – CALUM COSSAR AND LYNNE KELLY IMPLEMENTATION TECHNOLOGIES FUNCTIONALITY OPTIONS APPLICATION-SPECI?C CONTROLLER EXAMPLES LOW-COST CONTROL CHIP BASED ON ANALOGUE C DISCRETE DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS MICROCONTROLLER-BASED VARIABLE-SPEED DRIVE DSP-BASED SERVO DRIVE MICROCONTROLLER/DSP C DIGITAL FPGA HIGH-SPEED POSITION CONTROL ACTUATOR DRIVE TESTING/OPTIMIZATION MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIZATION CURVES DYNAMOMETER TESTS OF THE COMPLETE DRIVE SYSTEM 10 THE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATOR PRINCIPLE REVIEW OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATOR CONTROL CONTROL METHOD FOR A HIGHER ENERGY CONVERSION EFFECTIVENESS PWM CONTROL DESIGN OF A CONTROLLER FOR THE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTROLLER FAULT-TOLERANT OPERATION THE SINGLE-PHASE GENERATOR FAULT-TOLERANT CONVERTER FOR THE SINGLE-PHASE GENERATOR OPEN-COIL FAULT ANALYSIS 2-D ?NITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND STATIC TORQUE MEASUREMENT COIL SHORT-CIRCUIT FAULT DISCONNECTION OF FAULTY COILS