INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL POWER
Chapter 1 Overview 1 11 Scope and general information 1 12 History of power system studies 1 13 Applying power system analysis techniques to industrial and commercial power systems 2 14 Purposes of this Recommended Practice 2 15 References 5 Chapter 2 Applications of power system analysis 7 21 Introduction 7 22 Load flow analysis 7 23 Short-circuit analysis 8 24 Stability analysis 8 25 Motor-starting analysis 8 26 Harmonic analysis 9 27 Switching transients analysis 10 28 Reliability analysis 10 29 Cable ampacity analysis 10 210 Ground mat analysis 11 211 Protective device coordination analysis 11 212 DC auxiliary power system analysis 12 Chapter 3 Analytical procedures 13 31 Introduction 13 32 Fundamentals 14 33 Bibliography 40 Chapter 4 System modeling 43 41 Introduction 43 42 Modeling 43 43 Review of basics 44 44 Power network solution 49 45 Impedance diagram 53 46 Extent of the model 54 47 Models of branch elements 55 48 Power system data development 71 49 Models of bus elements 80 410 References 99 411 Bibliography 100 Chapter 5 Computer solutions and systems 103 51 Introduction 103 52 Numerical solution techniques 104 53 Computer systems 122 54 Bibliography 129 Chapter 6 Load flow studies 133 61 Introduction 133 62 System representation 134 63 Input data 137 64 Load flow solution methods 140 65 Load flow analysis 149 66 Load flow study example 151 67 Load flow programs 162 68 Conclusions 162 Chapter 7 Short-circuit studies 165 71 Introduction and scope 165 72 Extent and requirements of short-circuit studies 166 73 System modeling and computational techniques 168 74 Fault analysis according to industry standards 172 75 Factors affecting the accuracy of short-circuit studies 179 76 Computer solutions 182 77 Example 187 78 References 203 79 Bibliography 206 Chapter 8 Stability studies 209 81 Introduction 209 82 Stability fundamentals 209 83 Problems caused by instability 216 84 System disturbances that can cause instability 216 85 Solutions to stability problems 217 86 System stability analysis 218 87 Stability studies of industrial power systems 223 88 Summary and conclusions 228 89 Bibliography 229 Chapter 9 Motor-starting studies 231 91 Introduction 231 92 Need for motor-starting studies 231 93 Recommendations 235 94 Types of studies 237 95 Data requirements 238 96 Solution procedures and examples 241 97 Summary 259 98 References 263 99 Bibliography 263 Chapter 10 Harmonic analysis studies 265 101 Introduction 265 102 Background 266 103 Purpose of harmonic study 267 104 General theory 268 105 System modeling 276 106 Example solutions 290 107 Remedial measures 302 108 Harmonic standards 307 109 References 309 1010 Bibliography 309 Chapter 11 Switching transient studies 313 111 Power system switching transients 313 112 Switching transient studies 338 113 Switching transients—field measurements 359 114 Typical circuit parameters for transient studies 363 115 References 367 116 Bibliography 367 Chapter 12 Reliability studies 375 122 Definitions 375 123 System reliability indexes 377 124 Data needed for system reliability evaluations 377 125 Method for system reliability evaluation 378 126 References 380 Chapter 13 Cable ampacity studies 383 131 Introduction 383 132 Heat flow analysis 384 133 Application of computer program 386 134 Ampacity adjustment factors 388 135 Example 399 136 Conclusion 403 137 References 404 138 Bibliography 404 Chapter 14 Ground mat studies 407 141 Introduction 407 142 Justification for ground mat studies 407 143 Modeling the human body 407 144 Traditional analysis of the ground mat 410 145 Advanced grid modeling 415 146 Benchmark problems 418 147 Input/output techniques 420 148 Sample problem 420 149 Conclusion 420 1410 Reference 423 1411 Bibliography 424 Chapter 15 Coordination studies 429 151 Introduction 429 152 Basics of coordination 430 153 Computer programs for coordination 435 154 Common structure for computer programs 436 155 How to make use of coordination software 441 156 Verifying the results 443 157 Equipment needs 443 158 Conclusion 444 159 Bibliography 444 Chapter 16 DC auxiliary power system analysis 445 161 Introduction 445 162 Purpose of the recommended practice 445 163 Application of dc power system analysis 445 164 Analytical procedures 446 165 System modeling 446 166 Load flow/voltage drop studies 461 167 Short-circuit studies 464 168 International guidance on dc short-circuit calculations 466 169 Bibliography 466