AUTOMATED CONTINUOUS PROCESS CONTROL

By H. FAMAT

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM / IMPORTANT TERMS AND OBJECTIVE OF AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL / REGULATORY AND SERVO CONTROL / TRANSMISSION SIGNALS, CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND OTHER TERMS / CONTROL STRATEGIES / FEEDBACK CONTROL / FEEDFORWARD CONTROL / SUMMARY / PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS PROCESS AND IMPORTANCE OF PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS / TYPES OF PROCESSES / SELF-REGULATING PROCESSES / SINGLE-CAPACITANCE PROCESSES / MULTICAPACITANCE PROCESSES / TRANSMITTERS AND OTHER ACCESSORIES / OBTAINING PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS FROM PROCESS DATA / QUESTIONS WHEN PERFORMING PROCESS TESTING / REFERENCE / PROBLEMS / FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS ACTION OF CONTROLLERS / TYPES OF FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS / PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER / PROPORTIONAL–INTEGRAL CONTROLLER / PROPORTIONAL–INTEGRAL–DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER / PROPORTIONAL–DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER / RESET WINDUP / TUNING FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS / ONLINE TUNING: ZIEGLER–NICHOLS TECHNIQUE / OF?INE TUNING / REFERENCES / CASCADE CONTROL PROCESS EXAMPLE / IMPLEMENTATION AND TUNING OF CONTROLLERS / TWO-LEVEL CASCADE SYSTEMS / THREE-LEVEL CASCADE SYSTEMS / OTHER PROCESS EXAMPLES / CLOSING COMMENTS / RATIO, OVERRIDE, AND SELECTIVE CONTROL SIGNALS AND COMPUTING ALGORITHMS / SIGNALS / PROGRAMMING / SCALING COMPUTING ALGORITHMS / SIGNI?CANCE OF SIGNALS / RATIO CONTROL / OVERRIDE, OR CONSTRAINT, CONTROL / SELECTIVE CONTROL / DESIGNING CONTROL SYSTEMS / BLOCK DIAGRAMS AND STABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS / CONTROL LOOP STABILITY / EFFECT OF GAINS / EFFECT OF TIME CONSTANTS / EFFECT OF DEAD TIME / EFFECT OF INTEGRAL ACTION IN THE CONTROLLER / EFFECT OF DERIVATIVE ACTION IN THE CONTROLLER / FEEDFORWARD CONTROL FEEDFORWARD CONCEPT / BLOCK DIAGRAM DESIGN OF LINEAR FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLERS / LEAD/LAG TERM / EXTENSION OF LINEAR FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLER DESIGN / DESIGN OF NONLINEAR FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLERS FROM BASIC PROCESS PRINCIPLES / CLOSING COMMENTS ON FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLER DESIGN / ADDITIONAL DESIGN EXAMPLES / PROBLEM / DEAD-TIME COMPENSATION SMITH PREDICTOR DEAD-TIME COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE / DAHLIN CONTROLLER / MULTIVARIABLE PROCESS CONTROL PAIRING CONTROLLED AND MANIPULATED VARIABLES / OBTAINING PROCESS GAINS AND RELATIVE GAINS / POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS / INTERACTION AND STABILITY / TUNING FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS FOR INTERACTING SYSTEMS / DECOUPLING / DECOUPLER DESIGN FROM BLOCK DIAGRAMS / DECOUPLER DESIGN FROM BASIC PRINCIPLES / CASE 1: AMMONIUM NITRATE PRILLING PLANT CONTROL SYSTEM / CASE 2: NATURAL GAS DEHYDRATION CONTROL SYSTEM / CASE 3: SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE BLEACH PREPARATION CONTROL SYSTEM / CASE 4: CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE SUGAR RE?NING PROCESS / CASE 5: SULFURIC ACID PROCESS / CASE 6: FATTY ACID PROCESS / INSTALLING THE PROGRAMS / PROCESS 1: NH3 SCRUBBER / PROCESS 2: CATALYST REGENERATOR / PROCESS 3: MIXING PROCESS /