BASIC METHODS OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
CONTENTS STRUCTURAL PLANES INTRODUCTION DE?NITIONS DIP AND STRIKE ACCURACY OF ANGLE MEASUREMENTS GRAPHIC METHODS FINDING APPARENT DIP ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS COTANGENT METHOD TRUE DIP AND STRIKE DIP VECTORS THREE-POINT PROBLEM OBSERVED APPARENT DIPS EXERCISES THICKNESS AND DEPTH THICKNESS DETERMINATION THICKNESS BY DIRECT MEASUREMENT THICKNESS FROM INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS APPARENT THICKNESS THICKNESS BETWEEN NON-PARALLEL PLANES THICKNESS IN DRILL HOLES DEPTH TO A PLANE DISTANCE TO A PLANE ERROR PROPAGATION LINES AND INTERSECTING PLANES LINEAR STRUCTURES PLUNGE OF A LINE PITCH OF A LINE INTERSECTING PLANES STRUCTURE CONTOURS LINE VECTORS ACCURACY OF TREND DETERMINATIONS PLANES AND TOPOGRAPHY EXPOSURES ON HORIZONTAL SURFACES EFFECT OF TOPOGRAPHY DIP AND STRIKE FROM A GEOLOGICAL MAP LINEAR INTERPOLATION PARALLEL LINES PREDICTING OUTCROP PATTERNS STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION STEREOGRAM STEREONET PLOTTING TECHNIQUES MEASURING ANGLES ATTITUDE PROBLEMS POLAR NET DIP AND STRIKE ERRORS INTERSECTION ERRORS ROTATIONS BASIC TECHNIQUES SEQUENTIAL ROTATIONS ROTATIONS ABOUT INCLINED AXES ROTATIONAL PROBLEMS TILTING PROBLEMS TWO TILTS FOLDING PROBLEMS SMALL CIRCLES VECTORS SUM OF VECTORS PRODUCTS OF VECTORS CIRCULAR DISTRIBUTIONS SPHERICAL DISTRIBUTIONS FAULTS FAULT CLASSI?CATION SLIP AND SEPARATION FAULTS IN THREE DIMENSIONS SLIP AND ITS DETERMINATION OVERTHRUSTS FAULT TERMINATIONS FAULTS AND FOLDS EXTENSION AND CONTRACTION ROTATION FACING ON FAULTS DILATION OF DIKES STRESS TRACTION STRESS COMPONENTS STRESS IN TWO DIMENSIONS MOHR CIRCLE FOR STRESS SUPERIMPOSED STRESS STATES POLE OF THE MOHR CIRCLE ROLE OF PORE PRESSURE DEVIATORIC AND HYDROSTATIC STRESS STRESS ELLIPSE TRACTIONS VERSUS FORCES STRESS TENSOR FAULTING EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURES ROLE OF FRICTION COULOMB CRITERION LIMITATIONS CLASSI?CATION OF FAULTS FAULTS AND STRESSES STATES OF STRESS AT DEPTH MAGNITUDES OF STRESS COMPONENTS OPEN FRACTURES STRESS DROP FAULTS IN ANISOTROPIC ROCKS OBLIQUE FAULTS OTHER LIMITATIONS EARTHQUAKES DEFORMATION CONTINUUM ASSUMPTION HOMOGENEOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SHEAR SUPERIMPOSED DEFORMATIONS INHOMOGENEOUS DEFORMATION DEFORMATION AND RELATED TENSORS STRAIN DEFORMED GRAINS DEFORMED FOSSILS DEFORMED PEBBLES GEOMETRY OF THE STRAIN ELLIPSE MOHR CIRCLE FOR ?NITE STRAIN STRAIN FROM MEASURED ANGLES STRAIN FROM MEASURED STRETCHES RESTORATION STRAIN AND RELATED TENSORS FLOW ACTIVE TECTONICS ANCIENT TECTONICS PROGRESSIVE DEFORMATION KINEMATICS DEFORMATION RATES FROM STRUCTURES FOLDS SINGLE SURFACES RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SURFACES ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES FOLD ORIENTATION ISOGON CLASSI?CATION THICKNESS VARIATION ALTERNATIVE GRAPHS INVERSE THICKNESS BEST-?T INDICATRIX DETERMINING THE ?ATTENING INDEX COMPETENCE PARALLEL FOLDS ROUNDED FOLDS ROUNDED FOLDS IN CROSS SECTION BALANCED CROSS SECTIONS DEPTH OF FOLDING NON-PARALLEL MODI?CATIONS ANGULAR FOLDS ANGULAR FOLDS IN CROSS SECTION FAULTS IN FOLD CORES SOME PROBLEMS SIMILAR FOLDS GEOMETRY OF SHEAR FOLDS SINGLE-SENSE SHEAR SHEAR FOLDS IN THREE DIMENSIONS SUPERPOSED FOLDS IN TWO DIMENSIONS WILD FOLDS SUPERPOSED FOLDS IN THREE DIMENSIONS FOLDS AND TOPOGRAPHY MAP SYMBOLS OUTCROP PATTERNS DOWN-PLUNGE VIEW FOLD PRO?LE HINGE AND HINGE PLANE COMPUTER GRAPHS TRANSFORMATION OF AXES CAUTIONARY NOTE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS S-POLE AND BETA DIAGRAMS FOLD AXIS AND AXIAL PLANE EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION EQUAL AREAS CONTOURED DIAGRAMS STATISTICS OF SCATTER DIAGRAMS COMPUTER-GENERATED DIAGRAMS INTERPRETATION OF DIAGRAMS SUPERIMPOSED FOLDS SAMPLING PROBLEMS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS TECTONITES ISOTROPY AND HOMOGENEITY PREFERRED ORIENTATION PLANAR AND LINEAR FABRICS COMPLEX STRUCTURES LS TECTONITES DRILL HOLE DATA ORIENTED CORES CORES WITHOUT ORIENTATION CORES WITH A KNOWN PLANE TWO DRILL HOLES ANALYTICAL SOLUTION THREE DRILL HOLES INTERPRETATION OF FOLDS MAPS AND CROSS SECTIONS GEOLOGICAL MAPS OTHER TYPES OF MAPS GEOLOGICAL HISTORY STRUCTURE SECTIONS OTHER TYPES OF SECTIONS VERTICAL EXAGGERATION ENLARGED SECTIONS BLOCK DIAGRAMS ISOMETRIC PROJECTION ISOMETRIC CUBE AS A STRAIN PROBLEM ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION GENERAL CUBE COMPUTER PLOT OF CUBE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE ORTHOGRAPHIC CUBE AS A STRAIN PROBLEM TOPOGRAPHY MODI?ED BLOCKS