VOLCANISM AND THE UPPER MANTLE

By EMILY MARTINEZ

Part I Plate Kinematics 1 1 Composition of the Crust and the Mantle 2 2 Plate Motions 28 3 Magnetization and Magnetic Minerals 80 4 The Geomagnetic Field 101 5 Marine Magnetic Anomalies 140 6 Paleomagnetism and Earth History 174 Part II Dynamics of the Lithosphere and the Mantle 221 7 Stress and Strain 222 8 Elasticity of the Earth 240 9 Seismic Rays 251 10 Earthquakes 273 11 Seismic Deformation of the Lithosphere 294 12 Heat Flow and Thermodynamics of the Lithosphere 310 13 Flow and Fluid Behaviour of the Mantle 330 14 Gravity Field of the Earth 356