ANISOTROPY IN EXPLORATION SEISMICS
CONTENTS GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING—A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING PRIOR TO THE 18TH CENTURY PRECLASSICAL PERIOD OF SOIL MECHANICS (1700 –1776) CLASSICAL SOIL MECHANICS—PHASE I (1776 –1856) CLASSICAL SOIL MECHANICS—PHASE II (1856 –1910) MODERN SOIL MECHANICS (1910 –1927) GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AFTER REFERENCES SOIL DEPOSITS AND GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS NATURAL SOIL DEPOSITS-GENERAL RESIDUAL SOIL GRAVITY TRANSPORTED SOIL ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS GLACIAL DEPOSITS AEOLIAN SOIL DEPOSITS ORGANIC SOIL SOIL-PARTICLE SIZE CLAY MINERALS SPECI?C GRAVITY (GS) MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL EFFECTIVE SIZE, UNIFORMITY COEF?CIENT, AND COEF?CIENT OF GRADATION PROBLEMS WEIGHT–VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS, PLASTICITY, AND SOIL CLASSI?CATION WEIGHT–VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNIT WEIGHT, VOID RATIO, MOISTURE CONTENT, AND SPECI?C GRAVITY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNIT WEIGHT, POROSITY, AND MOISTURE CONTENT RELATIVE DENSITY CONSISTENCY OF SOIL ACTIVITY LIQUIDITY INDEX PLASTICITY CHART SOIL CLASSI?CATION SOIL COMPACTION COMPACTION—GENERAL PRINCIPLES STANDARD PROCTOR TEST FACTORS AFFECTING COMPACTION MODI?ED PROCTOR TEST EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS FIELD COMPACTION SPECI?CATIONS FOR FIELD COMPACTION DETERMINATION OF FIELD UNIT WEIGHT AFTER COMPACTION SPECIAL COMPACTION TECHNIQUES EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON COHESIVE SOIL PROPERTIES HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND SEEPAGE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY BERNOULLI’S EQUATION DARCY’S LAW LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY EMPIRICAL RELATIONS FOR HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY EQUIVALENT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN STRATI?ED SOIL PERMEABILITY TEST IN THE FIELD BY PUMPING FROM WELLS SEEPAGE LAPLACE’S EQUATION OF CONTINUITY FLOW NETS STRESSES IN A SOIL MASS EFFECTIVE STRESS CONCEPT STRESSES IN SATURATED SOIL WITHOUT SEEPAGE STRESSES IN SATURATED SOIL WITH SEEPAGE EFFECTIVE STRESS IN PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL SEEPAGE FORCE HEAVING IN SOIL DUE TO FLOW AROUND SHEET PILES VERTICAL STRESS INCREASE DUE TO VARIOUS TYPES OF LOADING STRESS CAUSED BY A POINT LOAD WESTERGAARD’S SOLUTION FOR VERTICAL STRESS DUE TO A POINT LOAD VERTICAL STRESS CAUSED BY A LINE LOAD VERTICAL STRESS CAUSED BY A LINE LOAD OF FINITE LENGTH VERTICAL STRESS CAUSED BY A STRIP LOAD (FINITE WIDTH AND IN?NITE LENGTH) VERTICAL STRESS BELOW A UNIFORMLY LOADED CIRCULAR AREA VERTICAL STRESS CAUSED BY A RECTANGULARLY LOADED AREA SOLUTIONS FOR WESTERGAARD MATERIAL CONSOLIDATION FUNDAMENTALS OF CONSOLIDATION ONE-DIMENSIONAL LABORATORY CONSOLIDATION TEST VOID RATIO–PRESSURE PLOTS NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED AND OVERCONSOLIDATED CLAYS EFFECT OF DISTURBANCE ON VOID RATIO–PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP CALCULATION OF SETTLEMENT FROM ONE-DIMENSIONAL PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION COMPRESSION INDEX (CC) AND SWELL INDEX (CS) SETTLEMENT FROM SECONDARY CONSOLIDATION TIME RATE OF CONSOLIDATION COEF?CIENT OF CONSOLIDATION CALCULATION OF PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT UNDER A FOUNDATION SKEMPTON-BJERRUM MODI?CATION FOR CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT PRECOMPRESSION—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS SAND DRAINS SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL MOHR-COULOMB FAILURE CRITERIA INCLINATION OF THE PLANE OF FAILURE CAUSED BY SHEAR LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS DIRECT SHEAR TEST TRIAXIAL SHEAR TEST CONSOLIDATED-DRAINED TEST CONSOLIDATED-UNDRAINED TEST UNCONSOLIDATED-UNDRAINED TEST UNCON?NED COMPRESSION TEST ON SATURATED CLAY SENSITIVITY AND THIXOTROPY OF CLAY ANISOTROPY IN UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH SLOPE STABILITY FACTOR OF SAFETY STABILITY OF IN?NITE SLOPES FINITE SLOPES ANALYSIS OF FINITE SLOPE WITH CIRCULARLY CYLINDRICAL FAILURE SURFACE—GENERAL MASS PROCEDURE OF STABILITY ANALYSIS (CIRCULARLY CYLINDRICAL FAILURE SURFACE) METHOD OF SLICES BISHOP’S SIMPLI?ED METHOD OF SLICES ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SLOPES WITH STEADY–STATE SEEPAGE MASS PROCEDURE FOR STABILITY OF CLAY SLOPE WITH EARTHQUAKE FORCES SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM EXPLORATORY BORINGS IN THE FIELD PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING SOIL OBSERVATION OF WATER LEVELS VANE SHEAR TEST CONE PENETRATION TEST PRESSUREMETER TEST (PMT) DILATOMETER TEST CORING OF ROCKS PREPARATION OF BORING LOGS SOIL EXPLORATION REPORT LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE EARTH PRESSURE AT REST RANKINE’S THEORY OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURES DIAGRAMS FOR LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AGAINST RETAINING WALLS RANKINE’S ACTIVE AND PASSIVE PRESSURE WITH SLOPING BACK?LL RETAINING WALLS WITH FRICTION COULOMB’S EARTH PRESSURE THEORY PASSIVE PRESSURE ASSUMING CURVED FAILURE SURFACE IN SOIL SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS—BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS GENERAL CONCEPTS ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY THEORY MODI?CATION OF BEARING CAPACITY EQUATIONS FOR WATER TABLE THE FACTOR OF SAFETY ECCENTRICALLY LOADED FOUNDATIONS SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS TYPES OF FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT ELASTIC SETTLEMENT RANGE OF MATERIAL PARAMETERS FOR COMPUTING ELASTIC SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENT OF SANDY SOIL: USE OF STRAIN INFLUENCE FACTOR ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE IN SAND BASED ON SETTLEMENT CONSIDERATION COMMON TYPES OF MAT FOUNDATIONS BEARING CAPACITY OF MAT FOUNDATIONS COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS RETAINING WALLS AND BRACED CUTS RETAINING WALLS RETAINING WALLS—GENERAL PROPORTIONING RETAINING WALLS APPLICATION OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE THEORIES TO DESIGN CHECK FOR OVERTURNING CHECK FOR SLIDING ALONG THE BASE CHECK FOR BEARING CAPACITY FAILURE MECHANICALLY STABILIZED RETAINING WALLS SOIL REINFORCEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN SOIL REINFORCEMENT GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS RETAINING WALLS WITH METALLIC STRIP REINFORCEMENT STEP-BY-STEP-DESIGN PROCEDURE USING METALLIC STRIP REINFORCEMENT RETAINING WALLS WITH GEOTEXTILE REINFORCEMENT RETAINING WALLS WITH GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT CONTENTS BRACED CUTS BRACED CUTS—GENERAL LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE IN BRACED CUTS SOIL PARAMETERS FOR CUTS IN LAYERED SOIL DESIGN OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF A BRACED CUT HEAVE OF THE BOTTOM OF A CUT IN CLAY LATERAL YIELDING OF SHEET PILES AND GROUND SETTLEMENT DEEP FOUNDATIONS—PILES AND DRILLED SHAFTS PILE FOUNDATIONS NEED FOR PILE FOUNDATIONS TYPES OF PILES AND THEIR STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS ESTIMATION OF PILE LENGTH INSTALLATION OF PILES LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATION OF PILE CAPACITY CALCULATION OF QP—MEYERHOF’S METHOD FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE, QS ALLOWABLE PILE CAPACITY LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILE POINT RESTING ON ROCK ELASTIC SETTLEMENT OF PILES PILE-DRIVING FORMULAS NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION GROUP PILES—EF?CIENCY ELASTIC SETTLEMENT OF GROUP PILES CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT OF GROUP PILES DRILLED SHAFTS TYPES OF DRILLED SHAFTS CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES ESTIMATION OF LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY SETTLEMENT OF DRILLED SHAFTS AT WORKING LOAD LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY BASED ON SETTLEMENT ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS