ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOILS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
NEMATODES INTRODUCTION - LIFE IN A SOIL PORE NEMATODE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY MONITORING FURTHER READING NEUTRON SCATTERING INTRODUCTION THEORY AND INSTRUMENTATION FIELD METHODOLOGY CALIBRATION APPLICATIONS SAFETY AND CARE FUTURE USE NITROGEN IN SOILS CYCLE PROPERTIES AND FORMS OF NITROGEN IN SOIL N-CYCLING PATHWAYS MINERALIZATION (AMMONIFICATION) ASSIMILATION (IMMOBILIZATION) NITRIFICATION AUTOTROPHIC NITRIFICATION HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION NITRATE REDUCTION DENITRIFICATION DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION TO AMMONIUM N2 FIXATION FIXED (NONEXCHANGEABLE) AMMONIUM REGULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL CELLULAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORS OF N TRANSFORMATIONS CHEMICAL REGULATORS OF N TRANSFORMATIONS ROUTES OF N LOSS FROM THE ENVIRONMENT REDUCTIVE LOSSES OXIDATIVE LOSSES VOLATILIZATION INTERACTION OF N WITH SOIL ORGANIC MATTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO DECREASE N LOSSES NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS UREASE INHIBITORS ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF N CYCLING GLOBAL WARMING AND OZONE DESTRUCTION NUTRIENT LOSSES GROUNDWATER QUALITY CONCLUSION LIST OF TECHNICAL NOMENCLATURE NITRATES CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOIL FORMS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT OF NITRATE IN AGRICULTURE LOSS OF NITRATE FROM FERTILIZER DURING THE CROP-GROWING PERIOD LOSSES OF NITRATE DERIVED FROM SOIL OR FERTILIZER OUTSIDE THE MAIN CROP GROWTH PERIOD IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER REGULATIONS AFFECTING N USE IN AGRICULTURE NITRATE AND HEALTH STOMACH CANCER METHEMOGLOBINEMIA (BLUE-BABY SYNDROME) BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF NITRATE ON HEALTH IMPACTS OF NITRATE ON ECOLOGY OF SURFACE WATERS CONCLUSIONS AUTOTROPHIC AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA TAXONOMY BIOCHEMISTRY CARBON METABOLISM AMMONIA OXIDATION UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS AUTOTROPHIC NITRITE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION ANALYSIS OF NITRIFIERS AND NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION ACTIVITY AND RATES ENUMERATION ENRICHMENT AND ISOLATION SOIL COMMUNITIES AND DIVERSITY INFLUENCE OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ON AMMONIA-OXIDIZER COMMUNITIES SOIL PH NITROGEN FERTILIZATION INHIBITION OF SOIL NITRIFICATION SUMMARY PLANT UPTAKE PLANT-MICROBIAL COMPETITION FOR N INORGANIC N PLANT INORGANIC N UPTAKE AND RHIZOSPHERE PH ORGANIC N ROOT RESPONSES MYCORRHIZAL CONTRIBUTION TO PLANT N UPTAKE SYMBIOTIC FIXATION CYANOBACTERIAL SYMBIOSES LICHENS BRYOPHYTES FERNS CYCADS ANGIOSPERMS NODULATED ANGIOSPERMS ACTINORHIZAL PLANTS LEGUMES THE IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN-FIXING SYMBIOSES TO SOIL FERTILITY NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL CATEGORIES HIGH-LEVEL WASTE TRANSURANIC WASTE LOW-LEVEL WASTE URANIUM MILL TAILINGS MIXED WASTE WASTE INVENTORIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCHARGES RADIATION EXPOSURES WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSITION ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTIES NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FOR PLANT GROWTH AND THEIR FUNCTIONS DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY VISUAL SYMPTOMS SOIL TESTING PLANT ANALYSIS CROP GROWTH RESPONSE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT NUTRIENT-MANAGEMENT PLANNING STEP 1: CREATING MAPS STEP 2: NUTRIENTS REQUIRED BY CROPS OR PLANTS STEP 3: INVENTORY OF AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS ON THE OPERATION STEP 4: NUTRIENT BALANCE STEP 5: EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN STEP 6: RECORD KEEPING ORGANIC FARMING BUILDING SOIL FERTILITY PROTECTING PLANTS AGAINST PESTS CONVERSION TO ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND CERTIFICATION BIODYNAMIC FARMING, BIOLOGICAL FARMING, AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS MARKETING AND CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS FUTURE PERSPECTIVES FOR ORGANIC FARMING AND FOODS ORGANIC MATTER PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES EXTRACTION AND FRACTIONATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES EXTRACTION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES FROM SOILS FRACTIONATION OF EXTRACTED HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN SITU ANALYSIS OF SOM ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAS AND FAS ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP CONTENT INFRARED AND FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF SOM 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION REDUCTIVE DEGRADATION PYROLYSIS-FIELD IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY OF HAS, FAS, AND HUMINS CURIE-POINT PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY OF HAS AND FAS OTHER CHARACTERISTICS MODEL STRUCTURES OF HA TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL STRUCTURES OF HA REACTIONS OF SOM WITH METALS AND ORGANICS FORMATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE METAL-ORGANIC COMPLEXES OTHER TYPES OF METAL SOM INTERACTIONS NITROGEN IN SOILS AND SOM PHOSPHORUS AND SULFUR IN SOILS AND SOM INTERACTIONS OF SOM WITH PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES GENESIS AND FORMATION SOIL FABRIC AND ITS IMPACT ON SOM STABILIZATION TRANSFORMATION AND STABILIZATION PROCESSES OF FREE AND OCCLUDED PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER STABILIZATION OF SOM BY SEQUESTRATION IN MICROPOROUS STRUCTURES OR ON HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES CHEMICAL INFORMATION ABOUT ORGANIC MATTER IN AGGREGATES AND ORGANOMINERAL COMPLEXES STABILIZATION OF SOM BY HUMIFICATION BIOCHEMICAL STABILIZATION MECHANISMS OF MAIN COMPONENTS FROM PLANT RESIDUES IN SOM POLYSACCHARIDE-RELATED MATERIALS LIGNIN-RELATED MATERIALS IMPACT AND FUNCTION OF THE SOIL MICROFLORA IN RELATION TO SOM STABILITY INTERACTIONS WITH METALS MOLECULAR AND MECHANISTIC ASPECTS METAL REACTIVITY, SOM BINDING SITES, AND COMPLEXATION STOICHIOMETRY EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE IR, UV-VIS, AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIES ESR, XAS, MOSSBAUER, AND NMR SPECTROSCOPIES QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS METAL-BINDING CAPACITY OF HS STABILITY CONSTANTS AND RELATED PARAMETERS OF METAL-HS COMPLEXES MODELING AND MODELS EXPERIMENTAL METHODS ORGANIC RESIDUES, DECOMPOSITION TYPES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ORGANISM INTERACTIONS NUTRIENT CYCLING FUTURE ADVANCES ORGANIC SOILS FORMATION PARENT MATERIALS TOPOGRAPHY ORGANISMS CLIMATE TIME DISTRIBUTION UTILIZATION CLASSIFICATION OVERLAND FLOW SATURATION-EXCESS OVERLAND FLOW CALCULATION METHOD WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF VARIABLE SOURCE AREA HYDROLOGY OXIDATION-REDUCTION OF CONTAMINANTS REDOX STATUS OF REACTIVE FE AND MN SPECIES KINETICS AND MECHANISM INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS MANGANESE AS AN OXIDANT FE(II) AS A REDUCTANT ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS BACKGROUND OXIDATION AND REDUCTION IN SOIL ORGANIC MATTER MANGANESE AND IRON AS OXIDANTS ADSORBED FE(II) AS A REDUCTANT PADDY SOILS CROPPING ENVIRONMENTS IN ASIA’S LOWLANDS DISTRIBUTION AND IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF PADDY SOILS PADDY SOIL FERTILITY AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT LOWLAND RICE SYSTEMS AND DECLINING WATER AVAILABILITY SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES PEDOLOGY BASIC PRINCIPLES HISTORY OVERVIEW SOIL CLASSIFICATION SOIL GENESIS SOIL MORPHOLOGY SOIL MAPPING ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DYNAMIC EARLY STAGES OF SOIL DEVELOPMENT ON RECENT VOLCANIC EJECTA MIGRATION OF PARTICLES IN THE PROCESS OF PODZOLIZATION EVIDENCE OF CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND HORIZON INVERSION EFFECTS OF SPECIES SUBSTITUTION IMPACT OF BURIAL BY VOLCANIC ASH ON PREERUPTION SOILS TESTING NEW THEORIES OF SOIL FORMATION PEDOMETRICS METHODS AND PROBLEMS PEDOMETRICS: PRINCIPLES AND HYPOTHESES SOIL MEASUREMENTS AND PROPERTIES SOIL COLOR AND SPECTRORADIOMETRY FIELD PROPERTIES: HARD AND FUZZY DESCRIPTORS? PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS QUANTITATIVE SOIL GEOGRAPHY - CLASSIFICATION MODELS SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND SOIL MAP UNITS FUZZY CLASSES AND THE BREAKDOWN OF THE CLASSIFICATION PARADIGM SPATIAL PREDICTION OF SOIL CLASSES THE CORPT APPROACH SPATIAL PREDICTION OF SOIL ATTRIBUTES THE SCORPAN APPROACH GEOSTATISTICS THE HYBRID OF SCORPAN AND GEOSTATISTICS SOIL UTILITY AND QUALITY LAND EVALUATION, SOIL QUALITY, AND SOIL UTILITY RECENT ADVANCES: QUANTITATIVE PEDOGENESIS PROCESS MODELS PENMAN, HOWARD LATIMER PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION DERIVATION OF THE PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION OTHER PARAMETERS IN THE PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION AERODYNAMIC AND SURFACE PARAMETERS PARAMETERIZATION OF SURFACE RESISTANCE MULTILAYER ET MODELS NET RADIATION SOIL HEAT FLUX APPLICATION OF THE PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION PESTICIDES PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PESTICIDES PERSISTENCE IN SOIL LOSS PROCESSES AND FACTORS OF INFLUENCE METHODS FOR STUDYING PESTICIDE BREAKDOWN SORPTION OF PESTICIDES BY SOIL MOVEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL UPTAKE OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL BY PLANTS EFFECTS ON SOIL PROCESSES THEORETICAL BASIS OF PH MEASUREMENT OF PH POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD DETERMINATION OF PH USING PH-SENSITIVE DYES MEASUREMENT OF SOIL PH FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL PH CARBON DIOXIDE SALT EFFECT SUSPENSION EFFECT IMPORTANCE OF SOIL PH PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS THE SOIL PHOSPHORUS CYCLE MAJOR FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS OVERVIEW OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS CYCLING AND TRANSFORMATIONS PHOSPHORUS ADDITIONS TO SOILS PHOSPHORUS LOSSES FROM SOILS SOIL PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT SOIL TESTING FOR PHOSPHORUS CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER SOURCES NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PHOSPHORUS SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES FOR PHOSPHORUS PLANT COVER, CROP ROTATION, AND STRIP CROPPING COMPANION CROPS, COVER CROPS, GREEN MANURES, AND CROP RESIDUES CONSERVATION TILLAGE, CONTOUR CULTIVATION, AND DEEP PLOWING TERRACES, VEGETATED WATERWAYS, AND BUFFER STRIPS INNOVATIONS IN SOIL PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT ANIMAL FEED FORMULATIONS SOIL AND MANURE TESTING SOIL AND MANURE AMENDMENTS WATER-QUALITY MODELING AND THE PHOSPHORUS INDEX BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS FORMS OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE MINERALIZATION AND IMMOBILIZATION OF P MICROBIAL SOLUBILIZATION OF INORGANIC P P-SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS AND PLANT GROWTH PHOSPHORUS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PHYTOTOXIC SUBSTANCES IN SOILS METALS AND METALLOIDS SOIL ACIDITY AND ALUMINUM AND MANGANESE TOXICITY SOIL FLOODING AND MANGANESE AND IRON TOXICITY SOIL SALINITY AND SODIUM TOXICITY REMEDIATION STRATEGIES FOR PHYTOTOXIC SUBSTANCES PLANT-SOIL-WATER RELATIONS LIQUID WATER FLOW INSIDE THE PLANT MEASUREMENT OF ROOT WATER UPTAKE MODELING ROOT WATER UPTAKE IN ECOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC COMMUNITIES ECOLOGIC COMMUNITIES: DETAILED RADIAL ROOT MODEL HYDROLOGIC COMMUNITIES: GENERAL ROOT SYSTEM MODEL ATMOSPHERIC COMMUNITIES: LARGE-SCALE ROOT SYSTEM MODEL PLANT-WATER RELATIONS WATER IN PLANTS PLANT WATER STATUS INDICATORS DIRECT INDICATORS OF PLANT WATER STATUS RELATIVE WATER CONTENT WATER POTENTIAL AND COMPONENTS INDIRECT INDICATORS OF PLANT WATER STATUS STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE STEM DIAMETER VARIATIONS SAP FLOW LEAF OR CANOPY TEMPERATURE OTHER METHODS WATER DEFICITS IN PLANTS EXPANSIVE GROWTH STOMATAL RESPONSES ROOT SIGNALS APPLICATIONS OF PLANT-WATER RELATIONS TO IRRIGATION SCHEDULING POLAR SOILS BIOTIC FACTORS PERMAFROST SOIL DEVELOPMENT AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION TUNDRA ZONE POLAR DESERT ZONE SUBPOLAR DESERT ZONE PATTERNED GROUND COLD DESERT ZONE POLLUTANTS BIODEGRADATION AEROBIC TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES ANAEROBIC TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AFFECTING BIODEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIODEGRADATION BIOAVAILABILITY SORPTION ENTRAPMENT WITHIN THE SOIL MATRIX NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID TEMPERATURE WATER CONTENT PRESENCE OF APPROPRIATE MICROORGANISMS PREDATION PRESENCE OF OTHER COMPOUNDS EFFECTS ON MICROORGANISMS TYPES OF EFFECTS MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION GENERAL SPECIFIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITY FUNCTION EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF POLLUTANTS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS EXPLOSIVES METALS PERSISTENT ORGANIC (POPS) PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SOILS PERSISTENCE AND AGING BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOILS THE 'AGING' OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS WITHIN SOILS MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PERSISTENCE OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOILS SORPTION-RELATED MECHANISMS SORPTION RETARDED INTRAPARTICLE DIFFUSION INTRAORGANIC MATTER DIFFUSION THE (BIO)AVAILABILITY OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOILS AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS AVAILABILITY TO SOIL MICROFLORA GRAZING ANIMALS AVAILABILITY TO EARTHWORMS POLLUTION GROUNDWATER ASSOCIATION OF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT WITH THE WATER CYCLE SIMPLIFIED MASS BUDGET AND FLUX BALANCES IN PHREATIC AQUIFERS PENETRATION OF SOLUTES INTO THE PHREATIC AQUIFER POLLUTANT TRANSPORT IN THE AQUIFER CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY NAPLS INDUSTRIAL ORIGINS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION TYPES OF POLLUTANT INORGANIC POLLUTANTS ORGANIC POLLUTANTS EXAMPLES OF POLLUTANTS LEGISLATIVE CONTROLS ON POLLUTION SOURCE-PATHWAY-RECEPTOR PRINCIPLE PERSISTENT, BIOACCUMULATIVE, AND TOXIC POLLUTANTS POLYMERS AND MICROORGANISMS EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERS: DEFINITION AND OVERVIEW HYDROPHOBINS: SECRETED FUNGAL PROTEINS STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES FUNCTIONS HYDROPHOBINS ALLOW FUNGI TO ESCAPE THEIR AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT GLOMALIN: AN ABUNDANT GLYCOPROTEINACEOUS SUBSTANCE PRODUCED BY ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI PROPERTIES SOIL AGGREGATION ROLE IN THE BIOLOGY OF AMF AND SYMBIOSIS EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES STRUCTURE EPS MEDIATE ATTACHMENT TO ROOTS EPS AS SYMBIOTIC SIGNALS: RHIZOBIUM DESICCATION RESISTANCE ALGINATE: A MODEL SYSTEM FOR EPS BIOLOGY EXTRACELLULAR LIPID COMPOUNDS POROSITY AND PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION POROSITY POROSITY IN NATURAL SOILS MEASUREMENT OF POROSITY PORES AND PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION THE NATURE OF A PORE MEASUREMENT REPRESENTATION TYPICAL FEATURES OF A PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION SIGNIFICANCE TO SOIL AND WATER BEHAVIOR SIGNIFICANCE OF POROSITY SIGNIFICANCE OF PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION PORE DYNAMICS APPLICATIONS TO SOIL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES POTASSIUM IN SOILS FORMS OF SOIL POTASSIUM SOLUTION K EXCHANGEABLE K FIXED K STRUCTURAL K ION SELECTIVITY AND FIXATION OF POTASSIUM IN SOILS ION SELECTIVITY MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES FIXATION OF POTASSIUM POTASSIUM RELEASE FROM SOILS PRIMARY MINERALS MICAS POTASSIUM-BEARING FELDSPARS NATURAL SOILS AVAILABILITY OF SOIL POTASSIUM QUANTITY/INTENSITY RELATIONSHIPS THE RHIZOSPHERE CHEMISTRY AND LABILE POOL OF SOIL POTASSIUM ASSESSING POTASSIUM AVAILABILITY BY SOIL TESTS PLANT ANALYSIS FOR POTASSIUM PRECIPITATION, WATERSHED ANALYSIS MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION SENSING AND RESOLUTION PRECIPITATION-MEASUREMENT REPRESENTATIVENESS CHARACTERIZATION OF PRECIPITATION DRY TIMES BETWEEN STORMS STORM DEPTHS AND DURATIONS WITHIN-STORM INTENSITIES AND MASS CURVES SPATIAL VARIABILITY WATERSHED RESPONSE TO PRECIPITATION DUE TO PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS PRECIPITATION AND SOIL VARIABILITY WATERSHED PROCESSES WATERSHED AND WEATHER MODELING WATERSHED-PRECIPITATION INTERACTIONS WATERSHED MODELS WEATHER AND PRECIPITATION MODELING SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF WEATHER AND PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION-DISSOLUTION PROCESSES MACROSCALE PROCESSES ION ACTIVITY PRODUCTS ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS MICROSCALE PROCESSES PRECIPITATION DISSOLUTION RATE LAW PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY EFFECTS OF THE INHERENT SOIL-FORMING FACTORS HUMANKIND’S IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY SOIL PRODUCTIVITY COMPARISONS PRODUCTIVITY RATINGS PROCESSES REDUCING SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND PRACTICES FOR RESTORING IT PROTOZOA A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOIL PROTOZOOLOGY DIVERSITY AND BIOLOGY DIVERSITY AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS FOOD AND FEEDING R/K-SELECTION CYSTS ANABIOSIS NUMBER AND BIOMASS VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION THE 'WATER PARADOX' ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE STANDING CROP, RESPIRATION, AND ANNUAL PRODUCTION MINERALIZATION AND PLANT GROWTH EARTHWORM GROWTH PROTOZOA AS BIOINDICATORS IN TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS SOIL PROTOZOA AS INDICATORS IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS PROTOZOA AS INDICATORS IN RECLAIMED OPEN-CAST COAL MINING AREAS PROTOZOA AS INDICATORS OF SOIL DECONTAMINATION EFFECTS OF BIOCIDES QUALITY OF SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SOIL QUALITY ASSESSMENT SOIL FUNCTION-SOIL INDICATOR RELATIONSHIP RADIATION BALANCE INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION ALBEDO INCOMING LONGWAVE RADIATION TERRESTRIAL LONGWAVE RADIATION IMPLICATIONS RANGE MANAGEMENT WHAT ARE RANGELANDS? HOW MUCH AREA IS COVERED BY RANGELANDS? WHAT DETERMINES HOW RANGELANDS ARE MANAGED? BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY INTRODUCTION OF UNDESIRABLE PLANT SPECIES THE ROLE OF DISTURBANCE IN RANGELAND AND SOIL HEALTH LIVESTOCK GRAZING NO DOMESTIC GRAZING DOMESTIC GRAZING OVERGRAZING REDOX POTENTIAL THEORETICAL RELATIONSHIPS REDOX-PH RELATIONSHIPS NORMAL LIMITS OF PH AND REDOX POTENTIAL (EH) IN THE ENVIRONMENT AEROBIC AND/OR ANAEROBIC REDOX POTENTIAL RANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENT REDOX COUPLES IN WETLANDS PREDICTING MINERAL STABILITY INTENSITY AND CAPACITY OF REDUCTION INTENSITY CAPACITY REDOX CONDITION AND METAL/METALLOID CHEMISTRY MEASUREMENT OF REDOX POTENTIAL REDOX REACTIONS, KINETICS KINETIC RATE LAWS INTEGRATED RATE LAWS INITIAL RATES PSEUDO NTH-ORDER REACTIONS SECOND-ORDER, TWO-REACTANT RATE LAWS REACTION DIAGRAMS AND ACTIVATION ENERGIES REACTION MECHANISM (RATE-LIMITING STEP AND PREEQUILIBRIA) BIOLOGICALLY CONTROLLED REDOX REACTIONS REMEDIATION OF POLLUTED SOILS CONTAINMENT VERSUS CLEAN-UP STRATEGIES IN SITU VERSUS EX SITU STRATEGIES PHYSICAL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES EXCAVATION AND OFF-SITE DISPOSAL (EX SITU, REQUIRES ONGOING MONITORING) DILUTION (IN SITU OR EX SITU) CAPPING AND ENCAPSULATION (IN SITU, REQUIRES ONGOING MONITORING) SEPARATION-FRACTIONATION (EX SITU) ELECTROKINETIC SEPARATION (IN SITU) SOIL-FLUSHING (IN SITU) VITRIFICATION (IN SITU OR EX SITU, REQUIRES ONGOING MONITORING) SOLIDIFICATION (IN SITU OR EX SITU, REQUIRES ONGOING MONITORING) INCINERATION (EX SITU) SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (IN SITU OR EX SITU) PHOTO-OXIDATION (EX SITU) CHEMICAL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION (IN SITU, REQUIRES ONGOING MONITORING) FIXATION-STABILIZATION (IN SITU OR EX SITU, REQUIRES ONGOING MONITORING) CHEMICAL OXIDATION-REDUCTION (EX SITU, MAY REQUIRE MONITORING (INORGANICS)) AQUEOUS AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION (EX SITU) DEHALOGENATION (EX SITU) BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES BIODEGRADATION TECHNIQUES (IN SITU) COMPOSTING AND BIOPILES, AND SLURRY-PHASE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT (EX SITU) PHYTOREMEDIATION (IN SITU) SELECTION OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS REMOTE SENSING MAPPING OF SOILS REMOTE SENSING FOR SOIL MAPPING ORGANIC MATTER DETECTION THE FUTURE SOIL MOISTURE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE REFLECTIVITY AND SOIL MOISTURE PASSIVE MICROWAVE TECHNIQUES ACTIVE MICROWAVE METHODS AIRCRAFT PLATFORMS AND APPLICATION EXAMPLE PASSIVE MICROWAVE SATELLITE OBSERVING SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS SPECIAL SATELLITE MICROWAVE/IMAGER TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASUREMENT MISSION MICROWAVE IMAGER ADVANCED MICROWAVE SCANNING RADIOMETER FUTURE PASSIVE SYSTEMS ACTIVE MICROWAVE SATELLITE OBSERVING SYSTEMS CURRENT ACTIVE SYSTEMS FUTURE ACTIVE SYSTEMS RHIZOSPHERE ORGANISMS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA FUNGI FAUNA MICROFAUNA (PROTOZOA) MESOFAUNA (NEMATODES AND MICROARTHROPODS) INTERACTIONS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE DINITROGEN-FIXATION SYMBIOSIS MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING ORGANISMS PLANT GROWTH-INHIBITING ORGANISMS BIOREMEDIATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL RICHARDS, LORENZO A ROOT ARCHITECTURE AND GROWTH DESCRIPTION OF ROOTS AND ROOT ARCHITECTURE TRADEOFFS IN ROOT FORM ROOT TRAITS FOR STRESS TOLERANCE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ROOT TRAITS ROOT ARCHITECTURAL EFFECTS ON PLANT COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES ROOT EXUDATES AND MICROORGANISMS RHIZOSPHERE MICROZONE MICROORGANISMS AND STRUCTURE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE COMPOSITION OF ROOT EXUDATES COLLECTION AND QUANTITATION OF ROOT EXUDATES FACTORS AFFECTING ROOT EXUDATES ROLE OF ROOT EXUDATES ON PLANT NUTRIENT AND METAL DYNAMICS ROOT EXUDATES AND BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS SALINATION PROCESSES ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF SALINE SOILS PROPERTIES OF SALINE AND SODIC SOILS TOTAL SALT CONCENTRATION SODICITY AND SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO ANIONIC COMPOSITION CONCENTRATION OF ELEMENTS TOXIC TO PLANTS RESPONSE OF CROPS TO SALINITY RESPONSE OF SOILS TO SALINITY AND SODICITY RECLAMATION OF SALT-AFFECTED SOILS RECLAMATION OF SODIC SOILS SALINITY MANAGEMENT NATURAL AND INDUCED SOIL SALINITY IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE LEACHING PROCESSES SOIL AMENDMENTS EARLY-WARNING SYSTEMS PHYSICAL EFFECTS WATER RETENTION AND SWELLING IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS EFFECTS OF SALTS ON SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY MODELING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND WATER RETENTIVITY IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS CALCULATIONS OF THE B(H, R, C0) AND N(H, R, C0) FUNCTIONS CALCULATIONS OF THE THETA(H, R, C0) AND K(H, R, C0) FUNCTIONS IMPLICATIONS FOR FLOW AND TRANSPORT SALT-AFFECTED SOILS, RECLAMATION EFFECT OF SALTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY INFILTRATION RATE RECLAMATION OF SALT- AND SODIUM-AFFECTED SOILS LEACHING METHODS CONTINUOUS AND INTERMITTENT PONDING SPRINKLING POSTLEACHING OPERATION RECLAMATION OF SODIUM-AFFECTED SOILS RECLAMATION BY ADDING SOIL AMENDMENTS GYPSUM ACIDS AND SULFUR RECLAMATION WITHOUT ADDING SOIL AMENDMENTS CALCIUM CARBONATE SUCCESSIVE DILUTIONS OF HIGHLY SALINE WATER SAND DUNES DUNE SAND TEXTURE THE EFFECT OF DUNE SAND TEXTURE ON WATER INFILTRATION THE EFFECT OF SAND TEXTURE ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SAND DUNES THE ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF SAND TEXTURE ON VEGETATION GROWTH IN DESERTS MOBILITY AND STABILITY OF SAND DUNES DUNE SHAPE AND DYNAMICS SCALING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES SCALE INVARIANCE SCALING RELATIONSHIPS EXAMPLE: HAMRA SOIL FIELD EXPERIMENT PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SCALING TRANSPORT PROCESSES DIFFUSIVE-DISPERSIVE TRANSPORT SIR GEOFFREY TAYLOR AND THE SPREADING OF SOLUTE IN A TUBE SOLUTE SPREADING IN SOILS SCALE CONCEPTUAL MODELS OBSERVATIONS AND MECHANISMS MODEL SELECTION SEPTIC SYSTEMS TECHNICAL AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OUTHOUSE - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CESSPOOL - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION THE MODERN SEPTIC SYSTEM SEPTIC TANK SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEMS SAS SIZE AND SOIL INFILTRATION RATES ADVANCED TREATMENT SYSTEMS ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS SHIFTING CULTIVATION PRODUCTIVITY OF COMPLEX FARMING SYSTEMS ECOSYSTEM-RELATED CONSTRAINTS TO AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SOILS UNDER SHIFTING CULTIVATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IMPROVED/SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT OF SOILS UNDER SHIFTING CULTIVATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES SITE-SPECIFIC SOIL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES SOIL MANAGEMENT PROPER SEEDING HARVESTING ADOPTION CONSIDERATIONS SODIC SOILS DEFINITION OF SODIC SOILS ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF SODIC SOILS MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR SODIC BEHAVIOR STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF SODIC SOILS SODICITY AND ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION SOIL PROPERTIES AFFECTING SODIC BEHAVIOR SODICITY AND CONDITIONS PREVAILING IN THE SOIL SODICITY AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY CHEMICAL RECLAMATION CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS SUCCESSIVE DILUTIONS OF HIGH-SALT WATER MANAGEMENT OF SODIC SOILS TILLAGE SODICITY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS SOIL-PLANT-ATMOSPHERE CONTINUUM FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES WATER IN THE SOIL-PLANT-ATMOSPHERE-CONTINUUM SMALL-SCALE OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL BUILDING APPLICATION TO REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES SOLUTE TRANSPORT ADVECTION DIFFUSION DISPERSION DIMENSIONALITY LONGITUDINAL DISPERSIVITY BREAKTHROUGH CURVES ADSORPTION AND EXCLUSION ADVECTION-DISPERSION EQUATION TWO-REGION ADVECTION-DISPERSION EQUATION FRACTIONAL ADVECTION DISPERSION AND CONTINUOUS TIME RANDOM WALK MODELS TERMINOLOGY AND ROLE OF SORPTION PROCESSES IN SOILS SURFACE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SURFACE COMPLEXATION SORPTION OF METAL CATIONS METAL SURFACE PRECIPITATION ORGANIC CHEMICALS PHYSISORPTION OF NONIONIC COMPOUNDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FORCES INVOLVED THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS PHYSISORPTION OF NONIONIC COMPOUNDS TO MINERAL SOLIDS PHYSISORPTION OF NONIONIC COMPOUNDS TO NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS NATURAL ORGANIC MATERIALS IN SOILS PHYSISORPTION TO HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND KEROGEN PHYSISORPTION TO BLACK CARBON KINETICS OF PHYSISORPTION PHYSISORPTION HYSTERESIS ION-EXCHANGE SORPTION CHEMISORPTION OXYANIONS TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION AND QUANTIFI