VOLCANISM

By JENNIFER ROBINSON

• CONTENTS • VOLCANISM: ORIGINS AND CONSEQUENCES • SIDEBAR: DATING OF VOLCANIC EVENTS • THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND THE LEGACY OF PELE THE FIRE GODDESS • • THE BRONZE AGE ERUPTION OF THERA: • DESTROYER OF ATLANTIS AND MINOAN CRETE? • THE ERUPTION OF VESUVIUS IN 79 CE: • CULTURAL REVERBERATIONS THROUGH THE AGES • ICELAND: COMING APART AT THE SEAMS • • THE ERUPTION OF TAMBORA IN 1815 AND “THE YEAR WITHOUT A SUMMER” • SIDEBAR: MOUNT TOBA: BIGGER THAN TAMBORA • KRAKATAU, 1883: DEVASTATION, DEATH, • AND ECOLOGIC REVIVAL SIDEBAR: THE GHOSTS OF MERAPI • THE 1902 ERUPTION OF MOUNT PELÉE: • A GEOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE WITH POLITICAL OVERTONES SIDEBAR: MOUNT PELÉE AND THE PANAMA CANAL • TRISTAN DA CUNHA IN 1961: • EXILE TO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY • MOUNT ST HELENS IN 1980: • CATASTROPHE IN THE CASCADES