SUBMICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SOILS
1 INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES : FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS PH–GENERAL DISCUSSION MEASUREMENT OF PH GLASS ELECTRODE CALOMEL ELECTRODE ELECTRODE POTENTIAL DETERMINATION : ILLUSTRATION WITH CALOMEL ELECTRODE ; HYDROGEN ELECTRODE AND STANDARD OXIDATION POTENTIAL POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD LIQUID JUNCTION POTENTIAL DRIFTING OF SOIL PH EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF CELL E M F CARE AND MAINTENANCE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE–GENERAL DISCUSSION OHM’S LAW (RESISTANCE, SPECIFIC RESISTANCE, MEASUREMENT OF CONDUCTIVITY WHEATSTONE BRIDGE PRINCIPLE TYPES OF CONDUCTIVITY METERS COLORIMETRY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY–GENERAL DISCUSSION AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION BEER–LAMBERT LAW DEVIATION FROM BEER’S LAW SPECTROPHOTOMETER : INSTRUMENTATION STANDARD CURVE FLAME SPECTROMETRY–GENERAL DISCUSSION AND ELEMENTARY THEORY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT ELEMENTARY QUANTUM THEORY OF MAX PLANCK GENERAL DISCUSSION AND ELEMENTARY THEORY OF FLAME PHOTOMETRY 1 4 10 ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER (INSTRUMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTAL) 1 4 11 INTERFERENCES 1 4 12 SAFETY PRACTICES 2 SOIL PHYSICS PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION INTERNATIONAL PIPETTE METHOD HYDROMETER METHOD AGGREGATE SIZE ANALYSIS BY WET SIEVING METHOD PARTICLE DENSITY BULK DENSITY CORE SAMPLER METHOD CLOD SATURATION METHOD TOTAL POROSITY AIR FILLED POROSITY DIFFERENCE METHOD AIR PYCNOMETER METHOD INTER-RELATIONS TOTAL SURFACE AREA DETERMINATION OF SOIL BY ETHYLENE DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT OF CAPILLARY RISE OF WATER IN SOIL DETERMINATION OF ‘SINGLE VALUE PHYSICAL CONSTANTS’ OF SOIL BY KEEN RACZ KOWSKI BOX MEASUREMENT 2 10 SOIL WATER CONTENT 2 10 1 SOIL MOISTURE PERCENT (DIRECT METHOD) 2 10 2 NEUTRON PROBE METHOD (INDIRECT METHOD) 2 11 DETERMINATION OF SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN LABORATORY 2 11 1 CONSTANT HEAD PERMEAMETER METHOD (FOR VERY POROUS SOILS) 2 11 2 FALLING HEAD METHOD (FOR SLOWLY PERMEABLE SOILS) 2 12 DETERMINATION OF SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN FIELD 2 12 1 PIEZOMETER METHOD (BELOW WATER TABLE) 2 12 2 INVERTED AUGER HOLE METHOD (ABOVE WATER TABLE) 2 14 1 HYGROSCOPIC COEFFICIENT 2 14 2 MOISTURE EQUIVALENT 2 14 3 FIELD CAPACITY 2 14 4 PERMANENT WILTING POINT 2 14 5 MOISTURE RETENTION CURVE 2 14 6 AVAILABLE WATER 2 15 OXYGEN DIFFUSION RATE (ODR) 2 16 DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC HEAT OF SOIL 3 SOIL CHEMISTRY ELECTROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF SOIL PH DETERMINATION OF BUFFERING CAPACITY OF SOIL SOIL ACIDITY TOTAL ACIDITY EXCHANGE ACIDITY EXTRACTABLE ACIDITY TOTAL POTENTIAL SOIL ACIDITY PH-DEPENDENT SOIL ACIDITY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ORGANIC CARBON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON TOTAL NITROGEN MINERALISABLE NITROGEN DETERMINATION OF SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN 3 10 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 3 11 EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS DETERMINATION–GENERAL DISCUSSION 3 11 1 AMMONIUM FLUORIDE–HYDROCHLORIC ACID EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHOROUS OF SOILS (BRAY’S NO 1 METHOD) 3 11 2 ALKALINE EXTRACTION OF SOIL PHOSPHOROUS (OLSEN’S METHOD) 3 12 TOTAL POTASSIUM 3 13 AMMONIUM ACETATE EXTRACTABLE POTASSIUM 3 14 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY 3 14 1 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF SOILS CONTAINING CALCIUM CARBONATE 3 15 ANION EXCHANGE CAPACITY 3 16 EXCHANGEABLE BASES 3 16 1 EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM 3 16 2 EXCHANGEABLE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM 3 17 EXCHANGEABLE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN CALCAREOUS SOILS 3 18 MICRONUTRIENTS (DTPA EXTRACTABLE FE2+, CU2+, ZN2+ AND MN2+) 3 20 FLUORIDE ESTIMATION IN SOIL AND WATER ; SPADNS METHOD 3 21 DETERMINATION OF LIME REQUIREMENT OF SOIL 3 22 DETERMINATION OF GYPSUM REQUIREMENT OF SOIL 3 23 DETERMINATION OF LIME POTENTIAL 3 24 AVAILABLE SULPHUR DETERMINATION IN SOIL 3 25 DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE AND BICARBONATE IN SOIL 3 26 DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE IN SOIL EXTRACT 4 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY EQUILIBRIUM : LAW OF MASS ACTION ACTIVITY AND ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA IN WATER : OSTWALDS DILUTION LAW SOLUBILITY PRODUCT STABILITY OF COMPLEXES TITRIMETRY TITRATION TYPES OF REACTION IN TITRIMETRY STRENGTH PERCENTAGE STRENGTH STANDARD SOLUTION NORMAL SOLUTION MOLAR SLUTION MOLAL SOLUTION FORMAL SOLUTION 4 6 10 FACTOR OF SOLUTION 4 6 11 PARTS PER MILLION 4 6 12 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION BY WEIGHT 4 6 13 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION BY VOLUME 4 6 14 THEORY OF ACID-BASE TITRATIONS 4 6 15 PRINCIPLE OF ACIDIMETRY AND ALKALIMETRY 4 6 16 INDICATORS 4 6 17 CHOICE OF INDICATORS OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTIONS : ELECTRONIC INTERPRETATIONS REDOX POTENTIAL REDOX INDICATORS FORMAL POTENTIAL EQUIVALENT WEIGHT VARIABILITY IN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT EQUIVALENT WEIGHT AND VALENCY EQUIVALENT WEIGHT OF AN OXIDANT AND REDUCTANT MILLIEQUIVALENT PER LITRE ATOMIC WEIGHT AND ATOMIC MASS UNIT (A M U) 4 10 MOLECULAR WEIGHT 4 10 1 GRAM MOLE 4 10 2 MOLAR VOLUME 4 10 3 MOLE CONCEPT 4 11 MASS AND WEIGHT 4 12 AVOGADRO’S HYPOTHESIS AND AVOGADRO’S NUMBER SUGGESTED READING