SATELLITE GEODESY
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SUBJECT OF SATELLITE GEODESY CLASSI?CATION AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF SATELLITE GEODESY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SATELLITE GEODESY APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE GEODESY STRUCTURE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE BOOK FUNDAMENTALS REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEMS CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND FRAMES IN SATELLITE GEODESY CONVENTIONAL INERTIAL SYSTEMS AND FRAMES CONVENTIONAL TERRESTRIAL SYSTEMS AND FRAMES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIS AND CTS REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN THE GRAVITY FIELD OF EARTH ELLIPSOIDAL REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEMS ELLIPSOID, GEOID AND GEODETIC DATUM WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984 (WGS 84) THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECCENTRICITY COMPUTATION TIME BASIC CONSIDERATIONS SIDEREAL TIME AND UNIVERSAL TIME ATOMIC TIME EPHEMERIS TIME, DYNAMICAL TIME, TERRESTRIAL TIME CLOCKS AND FREQUENCY STANDARDS SIGNAL PROPAGATION SOME FUNDAMENTALS OF WAVE PROPAGATION BASIC RELATIONS AND DE?NITIONS DISPERSION, PHASE VELOCITY AND GROUP VELOCITY FREQUENCY DOMAINS STRUCTURE AND SUBDIVISION OF THE ATMOSPHERE SIGNAL PROPAGATION THROUGH THE IONOSPHERE AND THE TROPOSPHERE IONOSPHERIC REFRACTION TROPOSPHERIC REFRACTION SATELLITE ORBITAL MOTION FUNDAMENTALS OF CELESTIAL MECHANICS, TWO-BODY PROBLEM KEPLERIAN MOTION NEWTONIAN MECHANICS, TWO-BODY PROBLEM EQUATION OF MOTION ELEMENTARY INTEGRATION VECTORIAL INTEGRATION ORBIT GEOMETRY AND ORBITAL MOTION PERTURBED SATELLITE MOTION REPRESENTATION OF THE PERTURBED ORBITAL MOTION OSCULATING AND MEAN ORBITAL ELEMENTS LAGRANGE’S PERTURBATION EQUATIONS GAUSSIAN FORM OF PERTURBATION EQUATION DISTURBED MOTION DUE TO EARTH’S ANOMALOUS GRAVITY FIELD PERTURBATION EQUATION AND GEOPOTENTIAL PERTURBATIONS OF THE ELEMENTS PERTURBATIONS CAUSED BY THE ZONAL COEF?CIENTS JN OTHER PERTURBATIONS PERTURBING FORCES CAUSED BY THE SUN AND MOON SOLID EARTH TIDES AND OCEAN TIDES ATMOSPHERIC DRAG DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE FURTHER PERTURBATIONS RESONANCES IMPLICATIONS OF PERTURBATIONS ON SELECTED SATELLITE ORBITS ORBIT DETERMINATION INTEGRATION OF THE UNDISTURBED ORBIT INTEGRATION OF THE PERTURBED ORBIT ANALYTICAL METHODS OF ORBIT INTEGRATION NUMERICAL METHODS OF ORBIT INTEGRATION PRECISE ORBIT DETERMINATION WITH SPACEBORNE GPS ORBIT REPRESENTATION EPHEMERIS REPRESENTATION FOR NAVIGATION SATELLITES POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION SIMPLI?ED SHORT ARC REPRESENTATION SATELLITE ORBITS AND CONSTELLATIONS BASIC ASPECTS ORBITS AND CONSTELLATIONS SUN-SYNCHRONOUS, GEOSTATIONARY, AND TRANSFER ORBITS BASIC OBSERVATION CONCEPTS AND SATELLITES USED IN GEODESY SATELLITE GEODESY AS A PARAMETER ESTIMATION PROBLEM OBSERVABLES AND BASIC CONCEPTS DETERMINATION OF DIRECTIONS DETERMINATION OF RANGES DETERMINATION OF RANGE DIFFERENCES (DOPPLER METHOD) SATELLITE ALTIMETRY DETERMINATION OF RANGES AND RANGE-RATES (SATELLITE-TO-SATELLITE TRACKING) INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS FURTHER OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES SATELLITES USED IN GEODESY SOME SELECTED SATELLITES SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS DRAG FREE SYSTEMS ATTITUDE CONTROL NAVIGATION PAYLOAD, PRARE PLANNED SATELLITES AND MISSIONS SOME EARLY OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES (CLASSICAL METHODS) ELECTRONIC RANGING SECOR OTHER EARLY OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES OPTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DIRECTIONS PHOTOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF DIRECTIONS SATELLITES USED FOR CAMERA OBSERVATIONS SATELLITE CAMERAS OBSERVATION AND PLATE REDUCTION SPATIAL TRIANGULATION RESULTS DIRECTIONS WITH CCD TECHNOLOGY IMAGE COORDINATES FROM CCD OBSERVATIONS STAR CATALOGS, STAR IDENTI?CATION AND PLATE REDUCTION APPLICATIONS, RESULTS AND PROSPECTS DIRECTIONS FROM SPACE PLATFORMS STAR TRACKER ASTROMETRIC SATELLITES, HIPPARCOS PLANNED MISSIONS DOPPLER TECHNIQUES DOPPLER EFFECT AND BASIC POSITIONING CONCEPT ONE SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLE: THE NAVY NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE BROADCAST AND PRECISE EPHEMERIDES DOPPLER RECEIVERS BASIC CONCEPT EXAMPLES OF DOPPLER SURVEY SETS ERROR BUDGET AND CORRECTIONS SATELLITE ORBITS IONOSPHERIC AND TROPOSPHERIC REFRACTION RECEIVER SYSTEM EARTH ROTATION AND RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS MOTION OF THE RECEIVER ANTENNA OBSERVATION STRATEGIES AND ADJUSTMENT MODELS EXTENDED OBSERVATION EQUATION SINGLE STATION POSITIONING MULTI-STATION POSITIONING APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS FOR GEODETIC CONTROL FURTHER APPLICATIONS DORIS THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) SPACE SEGMENT CONTROL SEGMENT OBSERVATION PRINCIPLE AND SIGNAL STRUCTURE ORBIT DETERMINATION AND ORBIT REPRESENTATION DETERMINATION OF THE BROADCAST EPHEMERIDES COMPUTATION OF SATELLITE TIME AND SATELLITE COORDINATES STRUCTURE OF THE GPS NAVIGATION DATA INTENTIONAL LIMITATION OF THE SYSTEM ACCURACY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT GPS RECEIVERS (USER SEGMENT) RECEIVER CONCEPTS AND MAIN RECEIVER COMPONENTS CODE DEPENDENT SIGNAL PROCESSING CODELESS AND SEMICODELESS SIGNAL PROCESSING EXAMPLES OF GPS RECEIVERS CLASSICAL RECEIVERS EXAMPLES OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE GEODETIC RECEIVERS NAVIGATION AND HANDHELD RECEIVERS FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS GPS OBSERVABLES AND DATA PROCESSING OBSERVABLES CLASSICAL VIEW CODE AND CARRIER PHASES PARAMETER ESTIMATION LINEAR COMBINATIONS AND DERIVED OBSERVABLES CONCEPTS OF PARAMETRIZATION RESOLUTION OF AMBIGUITIES DATA HANDLING CYCLE SLIPS THE RECEIVER INDEPENDENT DATA FORMAT RINEX ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES AND SOFTWARE CONCEPTS CONCEPTS OF RAPID METHODS WITH GPS RAPID STATIC METHODS SEMI KINEMATIC METHODS PURE KINEMATIC METHOD NAVIGATION WITH GPS SATELLITE GEOMETRY AND ACCURACY MEASURES ORBITS AND CLOCKS BROADCAST EPHEMERIDES AND CLOCKS PRECISE EPHEMERIDES AND CLOCKS, IGS IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON GPS SIGNALS TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION EFFECTS MULTIPATH FURTHER PROPAGATION EFFECTS, DIFFRACTION AND SIGNAL INTERFERENCE RECEIVING SYSTEM ANTENNA PHASE CENTER VARIATION OTHER ERROR SOURCES RELATED TO THE RECEIVING SYSTEM FURTHER IN?UENCES, SUMMARY, THE ISSUE OF INTEGRITY DIFFERENTIAL GPS AND PERMANENT REFERENCE NETWORKS DIFFERENTIAL GPS (DGPS) DGPS CONCEPTS DATA FORMATS AND DATA TRANSMISSION EXAMPLES OF SERVICES REAL TIME KINEMATIC GPS MULTIPLE REFERENCE STATIONS WIDE AREA DIFFERENTIAL GPS HIGH PRECISION NETWORKED REFERENCE STATIONS PLANNING AND REALIZATION OF GPS OBSERVATION SETTING UP AN OBSERVATION PLAN PRACTICAL ASPECTS IN FIELD OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATION STRATEGIES AND NETWORK DESIGN POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF GPS OBSERVATIONS GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEYS GEODYNAMICS HEIGHT DETERMINATION CADASTRAL SURVEYING, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FLEET MANAGEMENT, TELEMATICS, LOCATION BASED SERVICES ENGINEERING AND MONITORING PRECISE MARINE NAVIGATION, MARINE GEODESY, AND HYDROGRAPHY PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING, AIRBORNE GPS SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF GPS GNSS – GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM GLONASS GPS/GLONASS AUGMENTATIONS GALILEO SERVICES AND ORGANIZATIONS RELATED TO GPS THE INTERNATIONAL GPS SERVICE (IGS) OTHER SERVICES LASER RANGING SATELLITES EQUIPPED WITH LASER RE?ECTORS LASER RANGING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS LASER OSCILLATORS OTHER SYSTEM COMPONENTS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FIXED AND TRANSPORTABLE LASER SYSTEMS TRENDS IN SLR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTS CORRECTIONS, DATA PROCESSING AND ACCURACY EXTENDED RANGING EQUATION DATA CONTROL, DATA COMPRESSION, AND NORMAL POINTS APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE LASER RANGING REALIZATION OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMS, INTERNATIONAL LASER RANGING SERVICE (ILRS) EARTH GRAVITY FIELD, PRECISE ORBIT DETERMINATION (POD) POSITIONS AND POSITION CHANGES EARTH ROTATION, POLAR MOTION OTHER APPLICATIONS LUNAR LASER RANGING SPACEBORNE LASER SATELLITES AND MISSIONS MEASUREMENTS, CORRECTIONS, ACCURACY GEOMETRY OF ALTIMETER OBSERVATIONS DATA GENERATION CORRECTIONS AND ERROR BUDGET DETERMINATION OF THE MEAN SEA SURFACE APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE ALTIMETRY GEOID AND GRAVITY FIELD DETERMINATION GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OCEANOGRAPHY AND GLACIOLOGY 10 GRAVITY FIELD MISSIONS 101 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS 102 SATELLITE-TO-SATELLITE TRACKING (SST) 1021 CONCEPTS 1022 HIGH-LOW MODE, CHAMP 1023 LOW-LOW MODE, GRACE 103 SATELLITE GRAVITY GRADIOMETRY 1031 CONCEPTS 1032 GOCE MISSION 11 RELATED SPACE TECHNIQUES 111 VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY 1111 BASIC CONCEPT, OBSERVATION EQUATIONS, AND ERROR BUDGET 1112 APPLICATIONS 1113 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL VLBI SERVICE (IVS) 1114 VLBI WITH SATELLITES 112 INTERFEROMETRIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (INSAR) 1121 BASIC CONCEPTS, SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) 1122 INTERFEROMETRIC SAR 1123 DIFFERENTIAL RADAR INTERFEROMETRY 12 OVERVIEW AND APPLICATIONS 121 POSITIONING 1211 CONCEPTS, ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE POSITIONING 1212 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL NETWORKS 1213 OPERATIONAL POSITIONING CONTENTS 122 GRAVITY FIELD AND EARTH MODELS 1221 FUNDAMENTALS 1222 EARTH MODELS 123 NAVIGATION AND MARINE GEODESY 1231 POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS AND ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS IN MARINE POSITIONING 1232 MARINE POSITIONING TECHNIQUES 124 GEODYNAMICS 1241 RECENT CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS 1242 EARTH ROTATION, REFERENCE FRAMES, IERS 125 COMBINATION OF GEODETIC SPACE TECHNIQUES 1251 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS 1252 FUNDAMENTAL STATIONS 1253 INTEGRATED GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM (IGGOS)