CONCEPTUAL MODELS IN EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY
CONTENTS TRACE ELEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL, BIOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL SAMPLES PART I: METHODOLOGY IN TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATION SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR INORGANIC TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION ASPECTS OF SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PRESERVATION SAMPLE SPECIMEN RANDOM SAMPLING SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING COMPOSITE SAMPLING SUBSAMPLING ERROR SOURCES DURING THE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE BLANK CONTAMINATION REAGENTS MATERIALS CONTAMINATION BY SAMPLE HANDLING LOSSES SAMPLE TREATMENT AFTER THE SAMPLING PROCESS DECOMPOSITION AS A SAMPLE PREPARATION METHOD FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS: AN ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE SAMPLE DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE TRENDS FUNDING REFERENCES ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY LASER ABLATION ICPMS ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES OTHER TECHNIQUES USED FOR TRACE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES USES X-RAY ACTIVATION ANALYSIS PART II: MATRICES – SELECTED APPLICATIONS TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS TRACE ELEMENTS (GENERAL INFORMATION, ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE, COMMON SPECIES IN THE NATURE) GENERAL INFORMATION ON TRACE ELEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES ENVIRONMENTAL MATRICES – GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS NATURAL WATERS SOILS SEDIMENTS AIR, AIRBORNE PARTICLES SPECIATION ANALYSIS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SAMPLES TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES USED IN SPECIATION ANALYSIS ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS USE THE ISOTOPE RATIOS AS A TOOL FOR INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION METROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF TRACE ELEMENTS USE OF REFERENCE MATERIALS MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY IN THE ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS: STUDY CASE PRACTICAL ASPECTS ON THE TRACEABILITY OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES FOOD ANALYSIS AND SPECIATION TOPICS, ELEMENTS AND SPECIES OF INTEREST DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ELEMENTS SPECIATION SCHEMES AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED FOOD MATRICES MERCURY ARSENIC SELENIUM OTHER ELEMENTS FUTURE PERSPECTIVES IN FOOD ANALYSIS AND SPECIATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TRACE ELEMENT AND SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES SAMPLING, SAMPLE STORAGE AND SAMPLING TREATMENT ELEMENT SPECIATION OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES SAMPLING, SAMPLE STORAGE AND SAMPLE TREATMENT ELEMENTS FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF MICROTRACES CHARACTERISATION OF FORENSIC MICROTRACES ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY EVIDENCE MATERIALS GSR – INORGANIC GUNSHOT RESIDUE AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT RESIDUES PAINT GLASS EVIDENTIAL MATERIALS – SUMMARY INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS AND SPECIATION A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF METALLURGICAL ANALYTICS FIELDS OF APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN METALLURGY RANGE OF MATERIALS DEVELOPMENTS IN METALLURGICAL ANALYTICS DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF METAL ALLOYS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS THE CONCEPT OF SPECIATION IN RELATION TO METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PHASE EXTRACTION CHEMICAL PHASE EXTRACTION ELECTROCHEMICAL PHASE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES OF TESTING ISOLATES DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ISOLATES – SPECIATION ANALYSIS AAS IN METALLURGY FLOW INJECTION TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH ?AME ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD APPLICATION OF ALTERNATIVE ANALYTICAL LINES CALIBRATION METHODS USED IN FAAS, INCLUDING METHODS BASED ON ONE REFERENCE STANDARD DETERMINATION OF ALUMINIUM IN STEEL AS A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF SPECIATION AND SPECIATION ANALYSIS IN METALLURGY TOOL ALLOYS – SPECIATION AND SPECIATION ANALYSIS – DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CARBIDE PHASE ISOLATES SPECIATION AND SPECIATION ANALYSIS IN MULTICOMPONENT NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS STUDIES OF SPECIATION IN CREEP-RESISTANT FE–NI ALLOYS INTRODUCTION TO SPECIATION AND SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF CHROMIUM IN WELDING DUST DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF LABORATORY STANDS METHODOLOGY OF TOTAL DUST EMISSION DETERMINATION METHODOLOGY OF DRAWING OF DUST SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SUMMARY PART III: INORGANIC AND BIOINORGANIC SPECIATION ANALYSIS AT TRACE LEVEL QUALITY OF RESULTS IN TRACE ELEMENT AND SPECIATION ANALYSIS GENERAL ASPECTS OF QA AND QC VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE TRACEABILITY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS REFERENCE MATERIALS MONITORING OF THE QUALITY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCLUSIONS SAMPLE PRETREATMENT FOR TRACE SPECIATION ANALYSIS SAMPLING AND SAMPLE TRANSPORT SELECTION OF VESSELS CONTAMINATION OF THE SAMPLE WITH VARIOUS SUBSTANCES ELIMINATION OF UV-VIS IRRADIATION OXIDATION AND DESORPTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE SOLID SAMPLE FOR FRACTIONATION STUDY TEMPERATURE LOWERING JUST AFTER SAMPLING SAMPLING WITH SOME PRETREATMENT ON SAMPLING SITE SUSPENDED MATTER SEPARATION – FRACTIONATION IN WATER CHEMICAL MODI?CATION OF THE SAMPLE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM STORAGE DEHYDRATION OF SAMPLES EXTRACTION AS A METHOD OF SAMPLE PRETREATMENT FOR SPECIATION ANALYSIS SPE – WATER ANALYSIS EXTRACTION IN FRACTIONATION STUDY CONCLUSION SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION IN FRACTIONATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS BACKGROUND OPERATIONALLY DE?NED FRACTIONATION OF ELEMENTS THROUGH SPE UNARY AND BINARY FRACTIONATIONS USING ONE-COLUMN SPE APPROACHES BINARY AND TERTIARY FRACTIONATIONS USING TWO-COLUMN SPE APPROACHES CHARACTERIZATION OF SORBENTS QA AND QC OF THE CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION ANALYSIS BY THE SPE