INNOVATIVE EARTHQUAKE SOIL DYNAMICS
ELASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN SOIL INTRODUCTION ONE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE PROPAGATION AND WAVE ENERGY ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION OF SH AND P-WAVES BASIC FORMULATION OF WAVE PROPAGATION BASIC FORMULATION OF WAVE ENERGY THREE-DIMENSIONAL BODY WAVES SURFACE WAVES RAYLEIGH WAVE GENERAL FORMULATION UNIFORM SEMI-INFINITE LAYER TWO-LAYER SYSTEM LOVE WAVE VISCOELASTIC MODEL AND SOIL DAMPING FOR WAVE PROPAGATION GENERAL STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP OF VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL VISCOELASTIC MODELS KELVIN MODEL MAXWELL MODEL NONVISCOUS KELVIN MODEL COMPARISON WITH 1D-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATION SYSTEM WAVE ATTENUATION BY INTERNAL DAMPING VISCOELASTIC MODELS AND WAVE ATTENUATION ATTENUATION FOR KELVIN MODEL ATTENUATION FOR MAXWELL MODEL ATTENUATION FOR NONVISCOUS KELVIN MODEL ENERGY DISSIPATION IN WAVE PROPAGATION ENERGY DISSIPATION IN WAVE PROPAGATION COMPARED WITH CYCLIC LOADING WAVE ATTENUATION INCLUDING GEOMETRIC DAMPING SUMMARY SOIL PROPERTIES DURING EARTHQUAKES CHARACTERIZATION OF DYNAMIC SOIL PROPERTIES SMALL-STRAIN PROPERTIES STRAIN-DEPENDENT NONLINEARITY IN SOIL PROPERTIES EQUIVALENT LINEARIZATION STRONG NONLINEARITY TOWARD FAILURE BASIC MECHANISM OF SEISMIC SOIL FAILURE EFFECTS OF LOADING RATE AND LOADING CYCLE HOW TO MEASURE SOIL PROPERTIES IN SITU WAVE MEASUREMENT FOR SMALL STRAIN MEASUREMENTS USING BOREHOLES MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT BOREHOLES LABORATORY TESTS FOR SMALL-STRAIN PROPERTIES WAVE TRANSMISSION TESTS SMALL-STRAIN CYCLIC LOADING TESTS LABORATORY TESTS FOR MEDIUM TO LARGE STRAIN SIMPLE SHEAR TEST TORSIONAL SIMPLE SHEAR TEST CYCLIC TRIAXIAL TEST MEMBRANE PENETRATION EFFECT IN UNDRAINED TESTS TYPICAL SMALL-STRAIN PROPERTIES VS AND G0 FOR SAND AND GRAVEL EFFECTS OF VOID RATIO AND CONFINING STRESS EFFECT OF PARTICLE GRADING G0 FOR COHESIVE SOIL LONG-TERM CONSOLIDATION EFFECT EFFECT OF OVERCONSOLIDATION FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCY OF DAMPING RATIO IN THE LABORATORY STRAIN-DEPENDENT EQUIVALENT LINEAR PROPERTIES MODULUS DEGRADATION SAND AND GRAVEL COHESIVE SOIL OVERVIEW OF COHESIVE/NON-COHESIVE SOIL DAMPING RATIO STRAIN-DEPENDENT PROPERTY VARIATIONS COMPARED WITH IN SITU MODULUS DEGRADATIONS DAMPING RATIOS SOIL MODELING FOR ANALYSES AND SCALED MODEL TESTS MODELLING OF SOIL PROPERTIES NONLINEAR STRESS-STRAIN CURVES MASING RULE FOR CYCLIC LOADING HYSTERETIC MODELS FOR CYCLIC LOADING BILINEAR MODEL HYSTERETIC HYPERBOLIC (HH) MODEL AND HARDIN-DRNEVICH (HD) MODEL RAMBERG-OSGOOD (RO) MODEL COMPARISON OF LABORATORY TEST DATA WITH EQUIVALENT LINEAR MODEL MODELING OF SOIL DILATANCY DILATANCY IN DRAINED MONOTONIC SHEARING DILATANCY IN DRAINED CYCLIC SHEARING DILATANCY IN UNDRAINED CYCLIC SHEARING DYNAMIC STRENGTH IN CYCLIC LOADING BASED ON FATIGUE THEORY REGULAR AND IRREGULAR CYCLIC LOADING TWO-DIRECTIONAL LOADING DYNAMIC SOIL ANALYSES DISTINCTIONS OF DYNAMIC ANALYSES ON SOILS GOALS OF DYNAMIC SOIL ANALYSES OUTLINE OF DYNAMIC RESPONSE ANALYSES ONE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE PROPAGATION ANALYSIS IN CONTINUUM MODEL COMPLEX RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF DISCRETIZED MODEL MODE-SUPERPOSITION ANALYSIS OF DISCRETIZED MODEL TIME-DOMAIN STEPWISE NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF DISCRETIZED MODEL EQUIVALENT LINEAR ANALYSIS ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE MODIFICATION OF EQUIVALENT LINEAR ANALYSIS EQUIVALENT LINEAR AND NONLINEAR ANALYSES COMPARED WITH MODEL TEST SHAKING TABLE TEST AND 1D SOIL MODEL COMPARISON OF ANALYSES AND MODEL TEST SCALED MODEL TESTS AND SOIL MODELS NEEDS FOR MODEL TESTS SIMILITUDE FOR SCALED MODEL TESTS HOW TO DERIVE SIMILITUDE DERIVATION OF SIMILITUDE BY FORCES SIMILITUDE FOR OTHER VARIABLES SOIL PROPERTIES FOR MODEL TEST UNDER ULTRA-LOW CONFINING STRESS SEISMIC SITE AMPLIFICATION AND WAVE ENERGY SOIL CONDITION AND SITE AMPLIFICATION AMPLIFICATION IN TWO-LAYER SYSTEM TWO-LAYER SYSTEM WITHOUT INTERNAL DAMPING TWO-LAYER SYSTEM WITH INTERNAL DAMPING AMPLIFICATION IN HORIZONTAL ARRAY VERSUS VERTICAL ARRAY AMPLIFICATION BY DIFFERENT DAMPING MODELS SITE AMPLIFICATION BY EARTHQUAKE OBSERVATION AMPLIFICATION OF MAXIMUM ACCELERATION OR MAXIMUM VELOCITY SPECTRUM AMPLIFICATION AMPLIFICATION REFLECTING FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT DAMPING DAMPING IN OBSERVED SITE AMPLIFICATION OUTLINE OF WAVE SCATTERING THEORY MICROTREMOR H/V SPECTRUM RATIO SITE AMPLIFICATION FORMULAS BY EARTHQUAKE OBSERVATION SITE AMPLIFICATION FORMULA USING NEAR-SURFACE VS AMPLIFICATION FORMULA USING AVERAGE VS IN EQUIVALENT SURFACE LAYER EFFECT OF SOIL-NONLINEARITY EFFECT OF DOWNHOLE SEISMOMETER INSTALLATION DEPTH SSI AND RADIATION DAMPING IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE PROPAGATION SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI) RADIATION DAMPING RIGID FOUNDATION SHEAR-VIBRATION STRUCTURE ENERGY FLOW IN WAVE PROPAGATION ENERGY FLOW AT A BOUNDARY OF INFINITE MEDIUM ENERGY FLOW OF HARMONIC WAVE IN TWO-LAYER SYSTEM ENERGY FLOW OF IRREGULAR WAVE IN TWO-LAYER SYSTEM ENERGY FLOW CALCULATED BY VERTICAL ARRAY RECORDS ENERGY FLOW CALCULATION PROCEDURE ENERGY FLOW IN TWO VERTICAL ARRAY SITES GENERAL TRENDS OF ENERGY FLOW OBSERVED IN VERTICAL ARRAYS CORRELATION OF UPWARD ENERGY RATIO WITH IMPEDANCE RATIO UPWARD ENERGY AT THE DEEPEST LEVEL OF VERTICAL ARRAY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN VIEW OF ENERGY ENERGY-BASED STRUCTURE DESIGN EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE VERSUS UPWARD WAVE ENERGY LIQUEFACTION TYPICAL LIQUEFACTION BEHAVIOR SCALED MODEL TEST UNDRAINED SOIL ELEMENT TEST HOW TO INTERPRET ELEMENT TEST DATA GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR LIQUEFACTION TRIGGERING GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS SEISMIC CONDITIONS GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS FOR LIQUEFACTION TRIGGERING EFFECT OF CONFINING STRESS EFFECT OF RELATIVE DENSITY AND SOIL FABRIC RELATIVE DENSITY VERSUS CRR INFLUENCE OF SOIL FABRIC ON CRR EFFECT OF STRESS/STRAIN HISTORY EFFECT OF GRAVELS AND FINES PARTICLE GRADING LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF GRAVELLY SOILS GRAVELLY SOILS ACTUALLY LIQUEFIED LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE BY CYCLIC TRIAXIAL TEST POST-LIQUEFACTION BEHAVIOR OF GRAVELLY SOILS EFFECT OF PARTICLE CRUSHABILITY LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF FINES-CONTAINING SOILS PLASTICITY OF FINES EFFECT OF NON-PLASTIC FINES EFFECT OF FINES ON POST-LIQUEFACTION BEHAVIOR LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL EVALUATION BY IN SITU TESTS PENETRATION TESTS AND DATA NORMALIZATIONS OVERVIEW OF PENETRATION TESTS CORRECTION OF PENETRATION RESISTANCE BY OVERBURDEN SPT N-VALUE VERSUS RELATIVE DENSITY LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE VERSUS PENETRATION RESISTANCE EVALUATION USING LABORATORY TESTS EVALUATION USING CASE HISTORIES FC-DEPENDENCY OF CRR – PENETRATION RESISTANCE CURVE MINI-CONE TRIAXIAL TESTS FOR FC-DEPENDENCY CEMENTATION EFFECT IN FC-DEPENDENCY EVALUATION ON GRAVELLY SOILS OVERVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICE OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL EVALUATION IN SBM BASIC EVALUATION STEPS HOW TO DECIDE CSR HOW TO DECIDE CRR ENERGY-BASED LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL EVALUATION REVIEW ON ENERGY-BASED METHOD DISSIPATED ENERGY FOR LIQUEFACTION IN LAB TESTS HOW TO COMPARE CAPACITY AND DEMAND EVALUATION STEPS IN EBM TYPICAL EBM RESULTS COMPARED WITH SBM EFFECT OF INCOMPLETE SATURATION EVALUATION BY LABORATORY TESTS THEORETICAL BACKGROUND EFFECT ON B-VALUE AND P-WAVE VELOCITY EFFECT ON RESIDUAL STRENGTH EFFECT OF INITIAL SHEAR STRESS LABORATORY TESTS CONSIDERING INITIAL SHEAR STRESS EFFECT ON LIQUEFACTION FAILURE EFFECT ON FAILURE MODE CYCLIC SOFTENING OF CLAYEY SOILS TYPICAL CYCLIC SOFTENING BEHAVIOR POST-CYCLIC LOADING STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION 5 10 LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED FAILURES AND ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS 5 10 1 FAILURE MODES 5 10 2 POST-LIQUEFACTION SETTLEMENT 5 10 2 1 CASE HISTORIES 5 10 2 2 POST-LIQUEFACTION SETTLEMENT BY ELEMENT TESTS 5 10 3 LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED LATERAL FLOW 5 10 3 1 CASE HISTORIES OF LATERAL FLOW IN GENTLE SLOPES 5 10 3 2 CASE HISTORIES OF LATERAL FLOW BEHIND RETAINING WALLS 5 10 3 3 VOID REDISTRIBUTION MECHANISM 5 10 4 LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED EFFECTS ON FOUNDATIONS 5 10 4 1 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 5 10 4 2 UPLIFT OF BURIED STRUCTURES 5 10 4 3 PILE FOUNDATIONS IN LIQUEFIED SOILS 5 10 5 MITIGATION MEASURES 5 10 5 1 COUNTER MEASURES FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS AND SUPERSTRUCTURES 5 10 5 2 SOIL IMPROVEMENTS 5 11 BASE-ISOLATION DURING LIQUEFACTION 5 11 1 BASE-ISOLATION CASE HISTORIES 5 11 2 BASE-ISOLATION IN TERMS OF ENERGY 5 11 3 SOIL PROPERTIES BY TRIAXIAL LIQUEFACTION TESTS 5 11 4 ENERGY CALCULATION FOR BASE-ISOLATION 5 12 SUMMARY EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SLOPE FAILURES SLIP-SURFACE ANALYSIS BY SEISMIC COEFFICIENT UNSATURATED SLIP PLANE SATURATED SLIP PLANE NEWMARK-METHOD NEWMARK-METHOD FOR A RIGID BLOCK ON A STRAIGHT SLIP PLANE NEWMARK METHOD ALONG A CIRCULAR SLIP PLANE NEWMARK-METHOD COMBINED WITH DYNAMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS SELF-WEIGHT DEFORMATION ANALYSIS USING DEGRADED MODULI OUTLINE OF ANALYSIS EQUIVALENT MODULI FOR RESIDUAL DEFORMATION ENERGY-BASED SLOPE FAILURE EVALUATION ENERGY BALANCE IN EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SLOPE FAILURE MODEL SHAKING TABLE TEST ENERGY-BASED TRAVEL DISTANCE EVALUATION CASE HISTORIES AND BACK-CALCULATIONS BY ENERGY-BASED METHOD SLOPE FAILURES DURING RECENT EARTHQUAKES 2004 NIIGATAKEN CHUETSU EARTHQUAKE 2008 IWATE-MIYAGI INLAND EARTHQUAKE STATISTICS OF FAILED SLOPES IN TWO EARTHQUAKES BACK-CALCULATED MOBILIZED FRICTION COEFFICIENTS REFERENCES