WATER CIRCULATION IN ROCKS

By CHARLES PEREZ

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO WATER CIRCULATION IN ROCKS GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ORIGIN OF DISCONTINUITIES FEATURES OF DISCONTINUITIES ORIENTATION DEGREE OF FRACTURING PERSISTENCE APERTURE AND FILLING ROUGHNESS WEATHERING MOISTURE CONDITIONS AND SEEPAGE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DISCONTINUITIES EQUAL AREAL PROJECTIONS EQUAL ANGLE PROJECTIONS BASIC ELEMENTS FOR HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONCEPTUAL MODEL DE?NITION THE WORK SCALE ELEMENTARY REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME CHANGING OF FRACTURING DEGREE WITH DEPTH PROBABILISTIC GENERATION OF DISCONTINUITY NETWORK HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION DETERMINISTIC METHODOLOGIES HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ALONG A SINGLE FRACTURE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ALONG A FRACTURE SYSTEM HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TENSOR EQUIVALENT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY PROBABILISTIC METHODOLOGIES: PERCOLATION THEORY IN SITU TESTS LUGEON TESTS HYDROGEOCHEMICAL METHODS HYDRAULIC TESTS IN DOUBLE-POROSITY AQUIFERS HYDRAULIC TESTS IN ANISOTROPIC AQUIFERS IN?UENCE OF JOINT FEATURES ON ROCK MASS HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN?UENCE OF JOINT ROUGHNESS EFFECTS OF ROUGHNESS ON HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF A SINGLE JOINT: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS EFFECTS OF ROUGHNESS ON HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF A SINGLE JOINT: EXPERIMENTAL CHECKING EFFECTS OF ROUGHNESS ON ROCK MASS HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN?UENCE OF JOINT APERTURE CHANGES IN APERTURE WITH DEPTH CHANGES IN APERTURE WITH THE STRESS FIELD IN?UENCE OF JOINT SPACING AND FREQUENCY JOINTS INTERCONNECTION MAIN FLOW DIRECTION IN ROCK MASSES ANISOTROPY OF THE FRACTURED MEDIUM MAIN FLOW DIRECTION IN FRACTURED MEDIA NON-SATURATED MEDIUM NON-SATURATED MEDIUM: MAIN FLOW DIRECTION WITH AN IMPERMEABLE LAYER SATURATED MEDIUM KNOWN HYDRAULIC GRADIENT UNKNOWN HYDRAULIC GRADIENT METHODS AND MODELS TO SIMULATE THE GROUNDWATER FLOW IN ROCK MASSES BASIC ELEMENTS OF A MODELING APPROACH DE?NITION OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL THE MODEL PROJECT CHOICE OF THE NUMERICAL CODE DARCY’S MODEL DISCRETE MODELS DUAL POROSITY MODELS CASE HISTORIES GROUNDWATER FLOW AND SLOPE STABILITY EVALUATION OF THE HYDROGEOLOGICAL RISK LINKED WITH TUNNELING RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GROUNDWATER FLOW ESTIMATION OF THE TUNNEL IN?OW DELIMITATION OF THE TUNNEL IN?UENCE ZONE HYDROGEOLOGICAL RISK ANALYSIS HYDROGEOLOGICAL RISK LINKED WITH ROAD CONSTRUCTION MOUNTAIN AQUIFER EXPLOITATION AND SAFEGUARD: EVA VERDA BASIN CASE STUDY (SAINT MARCEL, AOSTA VALLEY, ITALY) HYDROGEOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION STOCHASTIC GROUNDWATER MODELING FOR THE DRYING RISK ASSESSMENT HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE STUDY AREA GROUNDWATER MODEL OF THE NOSSANA SPRING FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE DEPLETION CURVE DRYING RISK ASSESSMENT REFERENCES