EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION AND ROCK MECHANICS
CONTENTS 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY INTRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH MINERALS AND MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS ROCK FORMATIONS AND TYPES GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES AND DISCONTINUITIES WEATHERING OF ROCKS AND SOIL FORMATION EARTHQUAKES HYDROGEOLOGY SITE INVESTIGATION SEISMIC METHODS ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD 1 10 SUMMARY REFERENCES 2 SPHERICAL PRESENTATION OF GEOLOGICAL DATA ORIENTATIONS OF PLANES AND LINES COORDINATE SYSTEM WITH LONGITUDES AND LATITUDES INTERSECTION OF A PLANE AND A SPHERE SPHERICAL PROJECTIONS EQUAL AREA PROJECTION EQUAL ANGLE PROJECTION PROJECTIONS OF GREAT CIRCLES ON HORIZONTAL PLANES POLAR STEREONET EQUATORIAL STEREONET INTERSECTION OF TWO PLANES ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES (OR PLANES) SLOPE FAILURE MECHANISMS AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS SLOPE FAILURE MECHANISMS KINEMATIC ANALYSIS SUMMARY 3 ROCK PROPERTIES AND LABORATORY TESTING 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF INTACT ROCK ROTARY VERSUS PERCUSSION DRILLING ROCK CORING ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION SPECIMEN PREPARATION STANDARDS 3 3 UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST SOILS VERSUS ROCKS TEST PROCEDURE 3 4 INDIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST 3 5 POINT LOAD STRENGTH TEST 3 6 SLAKE DURABILITY TEST 3 7 SCHMIDT HAMMER TEST 3 8 TRIAXIAL TEST 3 9 EMPIRICAL CORRELATIONS 3 10 SUMMARY 4 ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION INTACT ROCK AND ROCK MASS FACTORS AFFECTING DISCONTINUITIES ORIENTATION SPACING PERSISTENCE ROUGHNESS WALL STRENGTH APERTURE FILLING SEEPAGE NUMBER OF JOINT SETS 4 3 10 BLOCK SIZE ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION ROCK MASS RATING TUNNELLING QUALITY INDEX: Q-SYSTEM GEOLOGICAL STRENGTH INDEX 5 STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCKS IN SITU STRESSES AND STRENGTH STRESS–STRAIN RELATIONS PLANE STRAIN LOADING PLANE STRESS LOADING AXISYMMETRIC LOADING STRAIN–DISPLACEMENT RELATIONSHIPS MOHR–COULOMB FAILURE CRITERION HOEK–BROWN FAILURE CRITERION INTACT ROCK ROCK MASS MOHR–COULOMB C? AND ?? FOR ROCK MASS FROM THE HOEK–BROWN PARAMETERS DEFORMATION MODULUS STRENGTH OF ROCK MASS WITH A SINGLE PLANE OF WEAKNESS 6 ROCK SLOPE STABILITY MODES OF ROCK SLOPE FAILURE SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS FACTOR OF SAFETY PLANE FAILURE WEDGE FAILURE CIRCULAR FAILURE TOPPLING FAILURE SLOPE STABILISATION 7 FOUNDATIONS ON ROCK SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS MEANING OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION TYPES OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS DEPTH OF FOUNDATION LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY TERMS ESTIMATION OF LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY DEEP FOUNDATIONS MEANING OF DEEP FOUNDATION TYPES OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS ESTIMATION OF LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION AND TREATMENT