HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONCEPTUAL SITE MODELS: DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION

By Z. KUDAN

CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL EXAMPLE EXAMPLE USES OF THIS BOOK REFERENCES 2 CONCEPTUAL SITE MODELS DEFINITION PHYSICAL PROFILE GEOMORPHOLOGY (TOPOGRAPHY) HYDROLOGY CLIMATE (HYDROMETEOROLOGY) LAND USE AND LAND COVER WATER BUDGET HYDROGEOLOGY AQUIFERS IN UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS ALLUVIAL AQUIFERS BASIN-FILL AQUIFERS BLANKET SAND-AND-GRAVEL AQUIFERS AQUIFERS IN SEMICONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS GLACIAL-DEPOSIT AQUIFERS SANDSTONE AQUIFERS FRACTURED-BEDROCK AQUIFERS KARST AQUIFERS BASALTIC AND OTHER VOLCANIC ROCK AQUIFERS AQUITARDS 3 DATA MANAGEMENT, GIS, AND GIS MODULES INTRODUCTION DATA MANAGEMENT FOR GIS DATA MANAGEMENT FAILURES WORKING WITH THE WRONG UNITS WORKING WITH UNKNOWN OR MIXED COORDINATE SYSTEMS ERRONEOUS QUERY RESULTS DATA ENTRY INEFFICIENCY DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DEFINE THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE DETERMINE THE QUANTITY AND TYPE OF FIELD AND LABORATORY DATA TO BE COLLECTED PERFORM REQUIRED DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS PRESENT STUDY CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCING THE GEODATABASE TABLES FEATURE CLASSES RASTERS BASICS OF GEODATABASE DESIGN TABLE FORMAT AND QUERYING SELECT QUERY CROSS-TAB QUERY FORMS DATA LINKAGE WITH GIS ERRORS IN GEODATABASE DESIGN FIELDS WITH WRONG DATA TYPE SPACES IN DATA FIELD NAMES MISSPELLINGS AND FORMAT DISCREPANCIES CROSS-TAB QUERY DIFFICULTIES INCONSISTENT OR UNKNOWN COORDINATE SYSTEMS WORKING WITH COORDINATE SYSTEMS DATA VISUALIZATION AND PROCESSING WITH ARCGIS WHY VISUALIZE DATA? ANALOG VERSUS DIGITAL DATA DATA VISUALIZATION IN ARCMAP DATA VIEW LAYOUT VIEW GEOPROCESSING IN ARCMAP QUERYING TOOLS LABELING TOOLS EDITING TOOLS GEOREFERENCING TOOLS ANALYSIS TOOLS MEASUREMENT TOOLS DATA MANAGEMENT TOOLS GIS MODULES FOR HYDROGEOLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS STATISTICAL ANALYSES VISUAL SAMPLE PLAN FIELDS RAPID ASSESSMENT TOOL SOFTWARE SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND DECISION ASSISTANCE ARCTOOLBOX PROUCL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM OTHER TOOLS GEOSTATISTICS AND CONTOURING BORING LOGS AND CROSS SECTIONS PROPRIETARY ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE SYSTEMS GENERAL NOTES ON COMPUTER MODULES 4 CONTOURING CONTOURING METHODS MANUAL CONTOURING CONTOURING WITH COMPUTER PROGRAMS SPATIAL INTERPOLATION MODELS DETERMINISTIC MODELS GEOSTATISTICAL MODELS TREND AND ANISOTROPY ERROR AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS KRIGING VARIOGRAPHY SEMIVARIOGRAM CURVE-FITTING SEARCH NEIGHBORHOOD MODELING TECHNIQUES KRIGING PREDICTION STANDARD ERROR NUGGET EFFECT AND PREDICTION STANDARD ERROR TYPES OF KRIGING ORDINARY, SIMPLE, AND UNIVERSAL KRIGING COKRIGING INDICATOR KRIGING POINT AND BLOCK KRIGING CONTOURING POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACES IMPORTANCE OF CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL HETEROGENEITY AND ANISOTROPY INFLUENCE OF HYDRAULIC BOUNDARIES CONTOURING CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS EXAMPLE APPLICATION DEFAULT PARAMETERS DATA EXPLORATION LOGNORMAL KRIGING WITH ANISOTROPY LOGNORMAL KRIGING WITH TREND REMOVAL MODEL COMPARISON ADVANCED DETRENDING AND COKRIGING ADVANCED UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS SUMMARY GRID AND CONTOUR CONVERSION TOOLS CONVERTING CONTOUR MAPS TO GRID FILES CONVERTING GRID FILE TYPES EXTRACTING GRID VALUES TO POINTS APPROPRIATE USE OF SPATIAL ANALYST 5 GROUNDWATER MODELING MISUSE OF GROUNDWATER MODELS TYPES OF GROUNDWATER MODELS ANALYTICAL MODELS BIOCHLOR CASE STUDY NUMERICAL MODELS NUMERICAL MODELING CONCEPTS INITIAL CONDITIONS, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, AND WATER FLUXES DISPERSION AND DIFFUSION MODEL CALIBRATION, SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, AND ERROR MODELING DOCUMENTATION AND STANDARDS MODFLOW-USG DESCRIPTION OF METHOD INPUT AND OUTPUT BENCHMARKING AND TESTING VARIABLY SATURATED MODELS GIS AND NUMERICAL MODELING SOFTWARE 6 THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATIONS 3D CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL VISUALIZATIONS 3D VIEWS OF GEOLOGIC MODEL 4D VIEWS OF GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY VIEWS OF 3D PLUMES AND SOIL PLUMES SPECIALTY 3D VISUALIZATIONS CITATIONS 7 SITE INVESTIGATION DATA AND PRODUCTS IN PUBLIC DOMAIN USGS DATA AND PUBLICATIONS STATE GIS DATA DATABASE COORDINATION GEOREFERENCING GEOREFERENCING AUTOCAD DATA GEOREFERENCING RASTER DATA DEVELOPING A SITE BASEMAP DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING SAMPLING PLANS DEVELOPING SAMPLING PLANS SYSTEMATIC PLANNING TO BALANCE COST AND RISK EXAMPLE APPLICATION OF VISUAL SAMPLE PLAN IMPLEMENTING SAMPLING PLANS DATA COLLECTION REAL-TIME DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND VISUALIZATION EXAMPLE VISUALIZATIONS FOR SITE INVESTIGATION DATA PLAN-VIEW MAPS GRAPHS AND CHARTS TOXIC GINGERBREAD MEN AND OTHER CONFOUNDERS 8 GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION PUMP AND TREAT DESIGN CONCEPTS SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION IN SITU REMEDIATION IN SITU THERMAL TREATMENT CASE STUDY IN SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION BIOREMEDIATION AND MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION ALTERNATIVE REMEDIAL ENDPOINTS AND METRICS MOTIVATION TECHNICAL IMPRACTICABILITY RISK-BASED CLEANUP GOALS MASS FLUX THE WAY FORWARD: SUSTAINABLE REMEDIATION 9 GROUNDWATER SUPPLY INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER SUPPLY GROUNDWATER QUANTITY GROUNDWATER QUALITY PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER EXTRACTION GROUNDWATER SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER USE CASE STUDY: PLANT WASHINGTON SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER USE: CONCLUSION