PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
CONTENTS PAGE SCOPE NORMATIVE REFERENCES TERMS AND DEFINITIONS CAUSES OF OVERPRESSURE GENERAL OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY POTENTIALS FOR OVERPRESSURE RECOMMENDED MINIMUM RELIEF SYSTEM DESIGN CONTENT LIST OF ITEMS REQUIRED IN FLARE-HEADER CALCULATION DOCUMENTATION GUIDANCE ON VACUUM RELIEF DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL RELIEVING RATES PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF OVERPRESSURE SOURCES OF OVERPRESSURE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND COMPOSITION EFFECT OF OPERATOR RESPONSE CLOSED OUTLETS COOLING OR REFLUX FAILURE ABSORBENT FLOW FAILURE ACCUMULATION OF NON-CONDENSABLES ENTRANCE OF VOLATILE MATERIAL INTO THE SYSTEM FAILURE OF PROCESS STREAM AUTOMATIC CONTROLS ABNORMAL PROCESS HEAT INPUT INTERNAL EXPLOSION (EXCLUDING DETONATION) CHEMICAL REACTION HYDRAULIC EXPANSION EXTERNAL POOL FIRES JET FIRES OPENING MANUAL VALVES ELECTRIC POWER FAILURE HEAT-TRANSFER EQUIPMENT FAILURE VAPOUR DEPRESSURING SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICES DYNAMIC SIMULATION OVERFILLING PROCESS OR SURGE VESSEL SELECTION OF DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FLUID PROPERTIES THAT INFLUENCE DESIGN ATMOSPHERIC DISCHARGE DISPOSAL BY FLARING DISPOSAL TO A LOWER-PRESSURE SYSTEM DISPOSAL OF LIQUIDS AND CONDENSABLE VAPOURS DISPOSAL THROUGH COMMON VENT STACK DISPOSAL SYSTEMS DEFINITION OF SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD SYSTEM ARRANGEMENT DESIGN OF DISPOSAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS FLARE GAS RECOVERY SYSTEMS ``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES — PRESSURE- RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS SCOPE THIS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS APPLICABLE TO PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND VAPOUR-DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS ALTHOUGH INTENDED FOR USE PRIMARILY IN OIL REFINERIES, IT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO PETROCHEMICAL FACILITIES, GAS PLANTS, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FACILITIES AND OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION FACILITIES THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IS DESIGNED TO AID IN THE SELECTION OF THE SYSTEM THAT IS MOST APPROPRIATE FOR THE RISKS AND CIRCUMSTANCES INVOLVED IN VARIOUS INSTALLATIONS THIS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS INTENDED TO SUPPLEMENT THE PRACTICES SET FORTH IN ISO 4126 OR API RP 520-I FOR ESTABLISHING A BASIS OF DESIGN THIS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SPECIFIES REQUIREMENTS AND GIVES GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINING THE PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF OVERPRESSURE; AND DETERMINING INDIVIDUAL RELIEVING RATES; AND SELECTING AND DESIGNING DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, INCLUDING SUCH COMPONENT PARTS AS PIPING, VESSELS, FLARES, AND VENT STACKS THIS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD DOES NOT APPLY TO DIRECT-FIRED STEAM BOILERS PIPING INFORMATION PERTINENT TO PRESSURE-RELIEVING SYSTEMS IS PRESENTED IN 7 3 1 NORMATIVE REFERENCES THE FOLLOWING REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ARE INDISPENSABLE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THIS DOCUMENT FOR DATED REFERENCES, ONLY THE EDITION CITED APPLIES FOR UNDATED REFERENCES, THE LATEST EDITION OF THE REFERENCED DOCUMENT (INCLUDING ANY AMENDMENTS) APPLIES ISO 4126 (ALL PARTS), SAFETY DEVICES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST EXCESSIVE PRESSURE API RP 520-I:2000, SIZING, SELECTION AND INSTALLATION OF PRESSURE-RELIEVING DEVICES IN REFINERIES — PART I: SIZING AND SELECTION 1) ACCUMULATION PRESSURE INCREASE OVER THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURE OF THE VESSEL ALLOWED DURING DISCHARGE THROUGH THE PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICE NOTE ACCUMULATION IS EXPRESSED IN UNITS OF PRESSURE OR AS A PERCENTAGE OF MAWP OR DESIGN PRESSURE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE ACCUMULATIONS ARE ESTABLISHED BY PRESSURE-DESIGN CODES FOR EMERGENCY OPERATING AND FIRE CONTINGENCIES BUOYANCY SEAL DRY VAPOUR SEAL THAT MINIMIZES THE AMOUNT OF PURGE GAS NEEDED TO PROTECT AGAINST AIR INFILTRATION NOTE THE BUOYANCY SEAL FUNCTIONS BY TRAPPING A VOLUME OF LIGHT GAS IN AN INTERNAL INVERTED COMPARTMENT; THIS PREVENTS AIR FROM DISPLACING BUOYANT LIGHT GAS IN THE FLARE --``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA DEFLAGRATION EXPLOSION IN WHICH THE FLAME-FRONT OF A COMBUSTIBLE MEDIUM IS ADVANCING AT LESS THAN THE SPEED OF SOUND CF DETONATION (3 25) --``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`-- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA FLARE HEADER PIPING SYSTEM THAT COLLECTS AND DELIVERS THE RELIEF GASES TO THE FLARE --``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA MACH NUMBER RATIO OF A FLUID’S VELOCITY, MEASURED RELATIVE TO SOME OBSTACLE OR GEOMETRIC FIGURE, DIVIDED BY THE SPEED AT WHICH SOUND WAVES PROPAGATE THROUGH THE FLUID PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA PIN DEVICE NON-RECLOSING PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICE ACTUATED BY STATIC PRESSURE AND DESIGNED TO FUNCTION BY BUCKLING OR BREAKING A PIN THAT HOLDS A PISTON OR A PLUG IN PLACE; UPON BUCKLING OR BREAKING OF THE PIN, THE PISTON OR PLUG INSTANTLY MOVES TO THE FULLY OPEN POSITION --``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA RELIEF VALVE SPRING-LOADED PRESSURE-RELIEF VALVE ACTUATED BY THE STATIC PRESSURE UPSTREAM OF THE VALVE, DUE TO WHICH THE VALVE NORMALLY OPENS IN PROPORTION TO THE PRESSURE INCREASE OVER THE OPENING PRESSURE NOTE A RELIEF VALVE IS NORMALLY USED WITH INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS --``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA RUPTURE-DISK DEVICE NON-RECLOSING PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICE ACTUATED BY STATIC DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE BETWEEN THE INLET AND OUTLET OF THE DEVICE AND DESIGNED TO FUNCTION BY THE BURSTING OF A RUPTURE DISK NOTE A RUPTURE DISK DEVICE INCLUDES A RUPTURE DISK AND A RUPTURE DISK HOLDER NOTE SAFETY VALVE SPRING-LOADED PRESSURE-RELIEF VALVE ACTUATED BY THE STATIC PRESSURE UPSTREAM OF THE VALVE AND CHARACTERIZED BY RAPID OPENING OR POP ACTION NOTE A SAFETY VALVE IS NORMALLY USED WITH COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS NOTE SHEAR PIN DEVICE NON-RECLOSING PRESSURE-RELIEF DEVICE ACTUATED BY STATIC DIFFERENTIAL OR STATIC INLET PRESSURE AND DESIGNED TO FUNCTION BY THE SHEARING OF A LOAD-CARRYING MEMBER THAT SUPPORTS A PRESSURE-CONTAINING MEMBER --``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA WINDSHIELD DEVICE USED TO PROTECT THE OUTSIDE OF A FLARE BURNER FROM DIRECT FLAME IMPINGEMENT NOTE THE WINDSHIELD IS SO NAMED BECAUSE EXTERNAL FLAME IMPINGEMENT OCCURS ON THE DOWNWIND SIDE OF AN ELEVATED FLARE BURNER --``````,`,,,`,`,,,,,,```,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS IN OKLAHOMA