PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MICROEARTHQUAKE NETWORKS
1 Introduction 1 11 Classification of Earthquakes and Frequency-Magnitude Relation 1 12 Historical Development of Earthquake Seismology and Global Network 2 13 Historical Development of Microearthquake Network 3 14 Applications of Microearthquake Network 5 2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves 6 Earthquakes 21 Types or Causes of Earthquakes 6 22 Teleseismic, Regional and Local Earthquakes 12 23 Foreshocks, Aftershocks and Earthquake Swarms 14 24 Earthquake Magnitude, Intensity and Energy 16 25 Some Useful Definitions in Earthquake Seismology 25 26 Earthquake Effects and Hazards 29 27 Great Earthquakes of India 36 28 Large and Damaging Earthquakes of India 42 29 Permanent Seismological Observatories in India 46 210 Indian Earthquake Catalogues 50 211 Seismic Zoning Map of India 51 Seismic Waves 212 Types of Seismic Waves 53 213 Seismic Waves and Ground Shaking 60 214 Seismic Phases at the Rock Boundaries 61 215 Seismic Phases at Short Distances 63 216 Travel Times in a Layered Earth 66 217 Teleseismic Waves and Interior of the Earth 70 218 Wave Attenuation 76 219 Seismic Diffraction 77 3 Microearthquake Recording and Data Analysis 81 31 Seismometers: Theory and Practice 82 32 Seismographs: Recording Systems 94 33 Development of Modern Seismic System 101 34 Station Distribution and Site Selection 107 35 Analog Record Processing and Record Keeping 109 36 Digital Data Management 110 37 Basic Data for Analysis 111 38 Earthquake Location 113 39 Computer Programs for Earthquake Location 118 310 Limitations of Accuracy in Location 125 311 Earthquake Relocation 128 312 Seismic Tomography and Earthquake Location 131 313 Receiver Function 140 314 Seismic Waveform Inversion and Modelling 141 315 Microearthquake Magnitude 144 316 Earthquake Phenomena: Power Law Relations 146 4 Dynamics of Faulting and Fault Plane Solution 152 41 Classification of Faults 152 42 Force and Stress 155 43 Criteria of Fracture 157 44 Griffith’s Theory of Crack Propagation 158 45 Dynamics of Faulting 159 46 Elastic Rebound Theory 162 47 Equal Area Projection and Fault Plane Solution 164 48 Moment Tensor Solution 174 49 Earthquake Mechanisms and Plate Tectonics 176 5 Himalayas, Pamir-Hindu Kush and Foredeep Region 180 51 Introduction 180 52 Geological Process 183 53 Geophysical Data in Himalayas 185 54 Conceptual Tectonic Models 194 55 Himalayan Foredeep 199 56 Large Earthquakes in the Himalaya 203 57 Western Syntaxis and Pamir-Hindu Kush Seismicity 204 58 Northwest and Western Himalayan Seismicity 220 59 Central and Eastern Himalayan Seismicity 242 510 Seismotectonic Perspective 249 511 Seismic Hazard Potential 261 6 Northeast India, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Andaman-Sumatra Region 266 61 Introduction 266 62 Geological Structure 268 63 Gravity Anomaly 277 64 Crustal Structure 279 65 Seismological Data 282 66 Microearthquake Data 297 67 Seismotectonic Perspective 315 68 Strong Motion Data 326 69 Seismic Hazard Potential 327 610 Tectonics and Seismicity of Andaman-Sumatra Arc 334 7 Seismotectonics of Peninsular India and Sri Lanka 348 71 Introduction 348 72 Geological Evolution 352 73 Geophysical Features 365 74 Past Seismic Activity 385 75 Recent Seismicity: Microearthquake Networks 400 76 Aftershock Investigations: Recent Damaging Earthquakes 414 77 Sri Lanka: Tectonic Configuration 442 78 Conclusion and Recommendation 447 References 450