AUTOMATIC CHARACTER RECOGNITION

By Q. FATAA

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ORGANIZATION OF THE MONOGRAPH NOTATION STATE OF ART RESEARCH ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FIGURES MATLAB OCR TOOLBOX REFERENCES OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY TECHNIQUES OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS OPTICAL SCANNING LOCATION SEGMENTATION PRE-PROCESSING SEGMENTATION REPRESENTATION FEATURE EXTRACTION TRAINING AND RECOGNITION POST-PROCESSING APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS STATUS OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FUTURE OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES FOR OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS SOFT COMPUTING CONSTITUENTS FUZZY SETS ARTI?CIAL NEURAL NETWORKS GENETIC ALGORITHMS ROUGH SETS HOUGH TRANSFORM FOR FUZZY FEATURE EXTRACTION GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR FEATURE SELECTION ROUGH FUZZY MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON FUZZY AND FUZZY ROUGH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES HIERARCHICAL FUZZY BIDIRECTIONAL RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS FUZZY MARKOV RANDOM FIELDS OTHER SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SCRIPT AND EXPERIMENTAL DATASET CHALLENGES OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE DATA ACQUISITION DATA PRE-PROCESSING BINARIZATION NOISE REMOVAL SKEW DETECTION AND CORRECTION CHARACTER SEGMENTATION THINNING FEATURE BASED CLASSI?CATION: SATE OF ART FEATURE BASED CLASSI?CATION THROUGH FUZZY MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON FEATURE BASED CLASSI?CATION THROUGH ROUGH FUZZY MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON FEATURE BASED CLASSI?CATION THROUGH FUZZY AND FUZZY ROUGH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FUZZY MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON FURTHER DISCUSSIONS OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR FRENCH LANGUAGE FRENCH LANGUAGE SCRIPT AND EXPERIMENTAL DATASET CHALLENGES OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR FRENCH LANGUAGE TEXT REGION EXTRACTION FEATURE EXTRACTION THROUGH FUZZY HOUGH TRANSFORM FEATURE BASED CLASSI?CATION THROUGH HIERARCHICAL FUZZY BIDIRECTIONAL RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR GERMAN LANGUAGE GERMAN LANGUAGE SCRIPT AND EXPERIMENTAL DATASET CHALLENGES OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR GERMAN LANGUAGE FEATURE SELECTION THROUGH GENETIC ALGORITHMS OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR LATIN LANGUAGE LATIN LANGUAGE SCRIPT AND EXPERIMENTAL DATASET CHALLENGES OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR LATIN LANGUAGE 7 5 1 TEXT REGION EXTRACTION 7 5 2 SKEW DETECTION AND CORRECTION 7 5 3 BINARIZATION 7 5 4 NOISE REMOVAL 7 5 5 CHARACTER SEGMENTATION 7 5 6 THINNING FEATURE BASED CLASSI?CATION THROUGH HIERARCHICAL FUZZY ROUGH BIDIRECTIONAL RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS HIERARCHICAL FUZZY ROUGH BIDIRECTIONAL RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR HINDI LANGUAGE HINDI LANGUAGE SCRIPT AND EXPERIMENTAL DATASET CHALLENGES OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR HINDI LANGUAGE FEATURE EXTRACTION THROUGH HOUGH TRANSFORM FEATURE BASED CLASSI?CATION THROUGH FUZZY MARKOV RANDOM FIELDS OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR GUJRATI LANGUAGE GUJRATI LANGUAGE SCRIPT AND EXPERIMENTAL DATASET CHALLENGES OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR GUJRATI LANGUAGE 10 SUMMARY AND FUTURE RESEARCH 10 1 SUMMARY 10 2 FUTURE RESEARCH