HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

By G. DATII

CONTENTS CHAPTER REPRESENTING DATA IN A COMPUTER BINARY AND HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS CHARACTER CODES 2’S COMPLEMENT REPRESENTATION FOR SIGNED INTEGERS ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF 2’S COMPLEMENT NUMBERS OTHER SYSTEMS FOR REPRESENTING NUMBERS CHAPTER SUMMARY CHAPTER PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM PC HARDWARE: MEMORY PC HARDWARE: THE CPU PC HARDWARE: INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES PC SOFTWARE PC SOFTWARE: THE OPERATING SYSTEM PC SOFTWARE: TEXT EDITORS PC SOFTWARE: LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS AND THE LINKER ELEMENTS OF ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE STATEMENTS A COMPLETE EXAMPLE HOW TO ASSEMBLE, LINK, AND RUN A PROGRAM THE ASSEMBLER LISTING FILE CONSTANT OPERANDS INSTRUCTION OPERANDS INPUT/OUTPUT USING MACROS DEFINED IN IOH BASIC INSTRUCTIONS COPYING DATA INTEGER ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION INSTRUCTIONS MULTIPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS DIVISION INSTRUCTIONS ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF LARGER NUMBERS SOMETHING EXTRA: LEVELS OF ABSTRACTION AND MICROCODE BRANCHING AND LOOPING UNCONDITIONAL JUMPS CONDITIONAL JUMPS, COMPARE INSTRUCTIONS, AND IF STRUCTURES IMPLEMENTING LOOP STRUCTURES FOR LOOPS IN ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE ARRAYS SOMETHING EXTRA: PIPELINING PROCEDURES THE 80X86 STACK PROCEDURE BODY, CALL AND RETURN PARAMETERS AND LOCAL VARIABLES RECURSION OTHER ARCHITECTURES: PROCEDURES WITHOUT A STACK STRING OPERATIONS USING STRING INSTRUCTIONS REPEAT PREFIXES AND MORE STRING INSTRUCTIONS CHARACTER TRANSLATION CONVERTING A 2’S COMPLEMENT INTEGER TO AN ASCII STRING OTHER ARCHITECTURES: CISC VERSUS RISC DESIGNS BIT MANIPULATION LOGICAL OPERATIONS SHIFT AND ROTATE INSTRUCTIONS CONVERTING AN ASCII STRING TO A 2’S COMPLEMENT INTEGER THE HARDWARE LEVEL—LOGIC GATES THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS TWO-PASS AND ONE-PASS ASSEMBLY 80X86 INSTRUCTION CODING MACRO DEFINITION AND EXPANSION CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY MACROS IN IOH FLOATING-POINT ARITHMETIC 101 80X86 FLOATING-POINT ARCHITECTURE 102 PROGRAMMING WITH FLOATING-POINT INSTRUCTIONS 103 FLOATING-POINT EMULATION 104 FLOATING-POINT AND IN-LINE ASSEMBLY DECIMAL ARITHMETIC 111 PACKED BCD REPRESENTATIONS 112 PACKED BCD INSTRUCTIONS 113 UNPACKED BCD REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS 114 OTHER ARCHITECTURES: VAX PACKED DECIMAL INSTRUCTIONS INPUT/OUTPUT 121 CONSOLE I/O USING THE KERNEL32 LIBRARY 122 SEQUENTIAL FILE I/O USING THE KERNEL32 LIBRARY 123 LOWER-LEVEL INPUT/OUTPUT