COMPUTER SCIENCE
LAYING THE GROUNDWORK THE INFORMATION LAYER THE HARDWARE LAYER THE PROGRAMMING LAYER THE OPERATING SYSTEMS LAYER THE APPLICATIONS LAYER THE COMMUNICATIONS LAYER IN CONCLUSION COMPUTING SYSTEMS LAYERS OF A COMPUTING SYSTEM ABSTRACTION THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING A BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTING HARDWARE A BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTING SOFTWARE PREDICTIONS COMPUTING AS A TOOL AND A DISCIPLINE SUMMARY ETHICAL ISSUES: MICROSOFT ANTI-TRUST CASE KEY TERMS EXERCISES THOUGHT QUESTIONS NUMBER CATEGORIES NATURAL NUMBERS POSITIONAL NOTATION BINARY, OCTAL, AND HEXADECIMAL ARITHMETIC IN OTHER BASES POWER OF TWO NUMBER SYSTEMS CONVERTING FROM BASE 10 TO OTHER BASES BINARY VALUES AND COMPUTERS ETHICAL ISSUES: THE DIGITAL DIVIDE DATA AND COMPUTERS ANALOG AND DIGITAL INFORMATION BINARY REPRESENTATIONS REPRESENTING NUMERIC DATA REPRESENTING NEGATIVE VALUES REPRESENTING REAL NUMBERS REPRESENTING TEXT THE ASCII CHARACTER SET THE UNICODE CHARACTER SET TEXT COMPRESSION REPRESENTING AUDIO INFORMATION AUDIO FORMATS THE MP3 AUDIO FORMAT REPRESENTING IMAGES AND GRAPHICS REPRESENTING COLOR DIGITIZED IMAGES AND GRAPHICS VECTOR REPRESENTATION OF GRAPHICS REPRESENTING VIDEO VIDEO CODECS ETHICAL ISSUES: NAPSTER COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICITY GATES NOT GATE AND GATE OR GATE XOR GATE NAND AND NOR GATES REVIEW OF GATE PROCESSING GATES WITH MORE INPUTS CONSTRUCTING GATES TRANSISTORS CIRCUITS COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS ADDERS MULTIPLEXERS CIRCUITS AS MEMORY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CPU CHIPS ETHICAL ISSUES: E-MAIL PRIVACY INDIVIDUAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS STORED-PROGRAM CONCEPT VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE THE FETCH-EXECUTE CYCLE RAM AND ROM SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES NON-VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURES INTERPRETING ADS ETHICAL ISSUES: FACIAL RECOGNITION/PRIVACY PROBLEM SOLVING HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEMS COMPUTER PROBLEM-SOLVING FOLLOWING AN ALGORITHM DEVELOPING AN ALGORITHM TOP-DOWN DESIGN A GENERAL EXAMPLE A COMPUTER EXAMPLE SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY TESTING THE ALGORITHM OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN OBJECT ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CLASSES OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN METHODOLOGY GENERAL EXAMPLE COMPUTER EXAMPLE IMPORTANT THREADS INFORMATION HIDING NAMING THINGS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TESTING ETHICAL ISSUES: PLAGIARISM COMPUTER OPERATIONS LEVELS OF ABSTRACTION MACHINE LANGUAGE PEP/7: A VIRTUAL COMPUTER A PROGRAM EXAMPLE PROBLEM AND ALGORITHM A PROGRAM AN ALTERNATE PROGRAM FOR THE SAME ALGORITHM AN ENHANCED VERSION OF “HELLO” ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PEP/7 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE OTHER IMPORTANT THREADS ETHICAL ISSUES: SOFTWARE PIRACY, COPYRIGHTING TRANSLATION PROCESS COMPILERS INTERPRETERS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGMS FUNCTIONALITY OF IMPERATIVE LANGUAGES BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS STRONG TYPING INPUT/OUTPUT STRUCTURES CONTROL STRUCTURES COMPOSITE DATA TYPES FUNCTIONALITY OF OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES ENCAPSULATION INHERITANCE POLYMORPHISM ETHICAL ISSUES: HACKING ABSTRACT DATA TYPES IMPLEMENTATION ARRAY-BASED IMPLEMENTATIONS LINKED IMPLEMENTATION LISTS BASIC LIST OPERATIONS ADDITIONAL LIST OPERATIONS SORTING SELECTION SORT BUBBLE SORT QUICKSORT BINARY SEARCH STACKS AND QUEUES STACKS QUEUES TREES BINARY TREES BINARY SEARCH TREES OTHER OPERATIONS GRAPHS PROGRAMMING LIBRARIES ETHICAL ISSUES: WEB CONTENT 10 1 ROLES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM MEMORY, PROCESS, AND CPU MANAGEMENT BATCH PROCESSING TIMESHARING OTHER OS FACTORS 10 2 MEMORY MANAGEMENT SINGLE CONTIGUOUS MEMORY MANAGEMENT PARTITION MEMORY MANAGEMENT PAGED MEMORY MANAGEMENT 10 3 PROCESS MANAGEMENT THE PROCESS STATES THE PROCESS CONTROL BLOCK 10 4 CPU SCHEDULING FIRST-COME, FIRST-SERVED SHORTEST JOB NEXT ROUND ROBIN ETHICAL ISSUES: PRIVACY INVASION 11 1 FILE SYSTEMS TEXT AND BINARY FILES FILE TYPES FILE OPERATIONS FILE ACCESS FILE PROTECTION 11 2 DIRECTORIES DIRECTORY TREES PATH NAMES 11 3 DISK SCHEDULING FIRST-COME, FIRST-SERVED DISK SCHEDULING SHORTEST-SEEK-TIME-FIRST DISK SCHEDULING SCAN DISK SCHEDULING ETHICAL ISSUES: COMPUTER VIRUSES AND DENIAL OF SERVICE 12 1 MANAGING INFORMATION 12 2 SPREADSHEETS SPREADSHEET FORMULAS CIRCULAR REFERENCES SPREADSHEET ANALYSIS 12 3 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THE RELATIONAL MODEL RELATIONSHIPS STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE DATABASE DESIGN ETHICAL ISSUES: ENCRYPTION 13 1 THINKING MACHINES THE TURING TEST ASPECTS OF AI 13 2 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION SEMANTIC NETWORKS SEARCH TREES 13 3 EXPERT SYSTEMS 13 4 NEURAL NETWORKS BIOLOGICAL NEURAL NETWORKS ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 13 5 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING VOICE SYNTHESIS VOICE RECOGNITION NATURAL LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION 13 6 ROBOTICS THE SENSE-PLAN-ACT PARADIGM SUBSUMPTION ARCHITECTURE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS ETHICAL ISSUES: DEEP LINKING 14 1 WHAT IS SIMULATION? COMPLEX SYSTEMS MODELS CONSTRUCTING MODELS QUEUING SYSTEMS METEOROLOGICAL MODELS OTHER MODELS COMPUTING POWER NECESSARY 14 2 GRAPHICS AND COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD) 14 3 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS ETHICAL ISSUES: ONLINE GAMBLING 15 1 NETWORKING TYPES OF NETWORKS INTERNET CONNECTIONS PACKET SWITCHING 15 2 OPEN SYSTEMS AND PROTOCOLS OPEN SYSTEMS NETWORK PROTOCOLS TCP/IP HIGH-LEVEL PROTOCOLS MIME TYPES FIREWALLS 15 3 NETWORK ADDRESSES DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM ETHICAL ISSUES: CYBERSQUATTING 16 1 SPINNING THE WEB 16 2 HTML BASIC HTML FORMATTING IMAGES AND LINKS 16 3 INTERACTIVE WEB PAGES JAVA APPLETS JAVA SERVER PAGES 16 4 XML ETHICAL ISSUES: COOKIES 17 1 HARDWARE LIMITS ON ARITHMETIC LIMITS ON COMMUNICATIONS 17 2 SOFTWARE COMPLEXITY OF SOFTWARE CURRENT APPROACHES TO SOFTWARE QUALITY NOTORIOUS SOFTWARE ERRORS 17 3 PROBLEMS COMPARING ALGORITHMS TURING MACHINES HALTING PROBLEM CLASSIFICATION OF ALGORITHMS ETHICAL ISSUES: LICENSING COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES