HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOUR OF ESTUARIES
CONTENTS DYNAMICS IN COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: AN INTRODUCTION 2 COASTAL PLANT COMMUNITIES AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS 3 DIRECT EFFECTS OF PLANTS ON NUTRIENT DYNAMICS 4 INDIRECT EFFECTS OF PLANTS 5 HYPOTHESIS 6 REFERENCES 7 AFFILIATIONS ESTUARINE PRIMARY PRODUCERS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 HOW CAN ESTUARINE PLANT COMMUNITIES BE CHARACTERIZED? 3 WHAT ARE THE GEOMETRIC CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATIONS IN ORGANISM SIZE AND SHAPE? 4 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANISM SIZE AND SUSPENDED/ATTACHED LIFE FORM FOR WATER MOTION AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT? 5 WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANT SIZE AND SHAPE FOR LIGHT UTILIZATION, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND GROWTH? 6 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND INTERRELATIONS OF DIFFERENT PHOTOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES? 7 SUMMARY 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 REFERENCES 10 AFFILIATIONS EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT LOADING ON SHALLOW SEAGRASS-DOMINATED COASTAL SYSTEMS: PATTERNS AND PROCESSES 2 NUTRIENTS: BACKGROUND, NUTRIENT LIMITATION, AND INCREASED LOADING TO COASTAL ZONES 3 COMPONENTS OF SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS 4 ESTABLISHING PATTERNS: EFFECT OF NUTRIENT LOADING ON ASSEMBLAGES OF COASTAL PRIMARY PRODUCERS 5 UNDERSTANDING PROCESSES: HOW ARE SEAGRASSES LOST? 6 NOTES 7 REFERENCES 8 AFFILIATIONS PLANT BOUND NUTRIENT TRANSPORT MASS TRANSPORT IN ESTUARIES AND LAGOONS 2 PLANT TRANSPORT PATTERNS MEASURED IN THE FIELD 3 MACROALGAE EROSION THRESHOLDS AND SETTLING RATES 4 ATTACHED MACROALGAE SLOUGHING RATES 5 MACROALGAE SETTLING RATES 6 RELATING PLANT TRANSPORT TO GROWTH AND LOSS RATES 7 FIELD STUDIES ON PLANT BOUND NUTRIENT TRANSPORT 8 CONCLUSION 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 REFERENCES 11 AFFILIATIONS GRAZING ON PELAGIC PRIMARY PRODUCERS – THE ROLE OF BENTHIC SUSPENSION FEEDERS IN ESTUARIES 2 PHYSICAL FORCING 3 EUTROPHICATION AND BENTHIC SUSPENSION FEEDING 4 WHERE TO GO FROM NOW? 5 REFERENCES 6 AFFILIATIONS GRAZING ON BENTHIC PRIMARY PRODUCERS 2 GRAZING ON MARINE BENTHIC PRODUCERS UNDER PRISTINE CONDITIONS: EXTENT, CONTROL AND CONSEQUENCES 3 TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW EUTROPHICATION-INDUCED CHANGES IN BENTHIC PRODUCERS ASSEMBLAGES MAY AFFECT HERBIVORY 4 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 6 AFFILIATION DECOMPOSITION OF MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCERS: CONSEQUENCES FOR NUTRIENT RECYCLING AND RETENTION IN COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS 2 DECOMPOSITION 3 COMPARING PATTERNS OF DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RELEASE DURING DECOMPOSITION AMONG MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCERS 4 CHANGES IN C, N AND P COMPOSITION DURING DECOMPOSITION 5 NUTRIENT RATIOS – IMPLICATIONS FOR MINERALIZATION AND IMMOBILIZATION 6 DECOMPOSITION PATTERNS – IMPLICATIONS FOR NUTRIENT RETENTION 7 CASE STUDY – DETRITUS DYNAMICS IN TWO SMALL ESTUARIES DOMINATED BY DIFFERENT PRIMARY PRODUCERS BURIAL OF NUTRIENT IN COASTAL SEDIMENTS: THE ROLE OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS 2 BURIAL DEFINED 3 SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION 4 NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS 5 IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS ON ORGANIC MATTER BURIAL 6 CONCLUSIONS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS FOR BENTHIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CYCLING 2 BENTHIC NUTRIENT CYCLING PROCESSES 3 SEDIMENT – WATER COLUMN FLUXES 4 COMPETITION BETWEEN PRIMARY PRODUCERS 5 THE ROLE OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN THE ESTUARINE ‘FILTER’ – FATE AND RETENTION OF ASSIMILATED NUTRIENTS 6 CHANGES IN NUTRIENT CYCLING WITH SHIFTS IN PRIMARY PRODUCER DOMINANCE 7 CONCLUSION 8 REFERENCES 9 AFFILIATIONS DENITRIFICATION 2 NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION IN SEDIMENTS 3 DENITRIFICATION OF NITRATE FROM THE WATER COLUMN 4 DENITRIFICATION BASED ON NO3 PRODUCED BY NITRIFICATION 5 ALTERNATIVE NO3 REDUCTION PATHWAYS: DNRA 6 DENITRIFICATION IN SEDIMENTS COLONIZED BY BENTHIC MICROALGAE 7 SEAGRASSES AND THE NITROGEN CYCLE 8 CONCLUSIONS 10 AFFILIATION ATTEMPTING A SYNTHESIS – PLANT/NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS 1 PRIMARY EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION 2 EUTROPHICATION THE OTHER WAY AROUND – EFFECTS OF PLANTS ON NUTRIENT DYNAMICS 3 CONCLUSION 4 REFERENCES 5 AFFILIATIONS