CIVIL ENGINEERING QUANTITIES
1 The Construction Industry and the Quantity Surveyor 1 11 The construction industry 1 12 The client’s team 2 121 The professional quantity surveyor (PQS) 4 122 Architect 5 123 Structural engineer 6 124 Civil engineer 7 125 Service engineers 8 126 Main contractor 9 13 Legislation and control of the building process 10 131 Planning approval 11 132 Building Regulations and control 12 133 Health and safety 13 14 Industry networking 14 141 RICS 15 142 CIOB 16 15 Funding and market drivers 19 16 Economic and construction cycles 21 17 Global construction 22 18 Development of the quantity surveyor 23 181 Background 23 182 Personal traits and skills 25 183 Time and self-management 26 184 Education and training 27 19 Construction innovation and the quantity surveyor 28 191 Information technology (IT) 28 192 Environmental issues 33 110 Prospects and augmentation of the quantity surveyor 38 1101 Employed roles 38 1102 Independent roles 40 1103 Women in the industry 41 1104 Global and multicultural diversity 41 1105 Prospects 42 2 Measurement and Quantities 43 21 Measurement guides and coverage rules 43 Contents 22 Arrangement of documents and project information 46 23 Measurement terminology 50 231 Take off and measuring techniques 50 232 Centre line calculation 56 233 Spot and composite items 60 24 Control of the system and delegation of tasks 60 241 Requests for Information (RFI) 68 25 Measurement example 69 26 Builder’s bills of quantities 70 261 Components 78 262 Draft and final bills 84 263 Using computers 86 27 Alternative bills of quantities 89 3 Working with the Main Contractor 91 31 Contracting organisations 91 311 Premises and assets 93 32 Management systems 97 321 Health and safety management 99 322 Environmental management 100 323 Quality management 101 33 Marketing for contracts 103 34 Estimating and the contractor’s quantity surveyor 104 341 Activity on receipt of tender documents 105 342 Subcontractor pricing 107 343 Builder’s schedules 113 344 Resources costing 114 345 Unit rate calculations 122 346 Preliminaries pricing 128 347 Estimating and quantity surveying software 133 348 Cost planned tenders 143 349 Value management 147 4 Project Commencement 149 41 The project team 149 42 Pre-construction handover 152 43 Office- and site-based roles 153 44 The construction programme 155 441 Programme float 160 442 Programme acceleration 160 45 Project administration 161 451 Cash flow 164 452 Cost targets 169 453 Procurement scheduling 172 454 Material supply and plant hire registers 177 455 Document distribution and registers 178 456 Progress claim scheduling 179 457 Cost management systems (CMS) 185 46 Site establishment 187 47 Review of the main contract 188 471 Articles of the Agreement 192 472 Insurance 194 473 Employer’s financial security 198 474 Carrying out the works 200 475 Delays in carrying out the works 208 476 Control of the works 213 477 Cost variations 217 478 Payments 219 479 Termination 220 4710 Warranties 222 4711 Contract schedules and special provisions 223 48 Edited and bespoke forms of contract 224 5 Supply Chain Procurement 228 51 The supply chain 228 52 Labour-only subcontractors 229 521 Methods of engagement and reimbursement 230 522 Contractor’s risk 231 53 Labour and material subcontractors 232 531 Domestic subcontractors 233 532 Named and nominated subcontractors 236 533 Tender periods and openings 237 534 Tender comparisons 240 535 Negotiations 241 536 Subcontractor insurances 248 537 Bespoke forms of subcontract agreement 249 538 Generic forms of subcontract agreement 253 539 Back-to-back forms of subcontract agreement 253 54 Material supply scheduling and purchase ordering 254 541 Bulk ordering 257 55 Labour hire agreements 260 56 Plant hire agreements 262 57 Consultant appointments 264 6 Running the Project 266 61 Managing the flow of documents 266 611 Changes in design and documentation 266 612 Contractor-generated documents 269 62 Changes to the works 271 621 Changes in quantity 272 622 Changes in quality 273 623 Changes in sequence of works 275 624 Variation submissions 277 63 Reimbursement 280 631 Client interim payments 281 632 Subcontractors’ payments 285 633 Material suppliers and hire company payments 291 634 Consultants’ payments 294 64 Cost centres and financial reporting 295 65 Tracking expenditure 295 66 Extension of time claims 301 67 Financial claims 304 671 Claims under the main contract 305 672 Claims from the supply chain to the contractor 310 673 Claims from the contractor to the supply chain 313 68 Settlement of disputes 314 681 Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) 316 682 Negotiation 318 683 Mediation 318 684 Conciliation 319 685 Early neutral evaluation 320 686 Expert determination 320 687 Adjudication 321 688 Arbitration 323 69 Voluntary and involuntary contract terminations 324 691 Main contract termination 326 692 Supply chain terminations 327 610 Project reporting 332 7 Project Completion 335 71 Sectional and practical completion 335 711 Definition and effects of practical completion 336 712 Final certification 337 72 Operating manuals and As Built information 338 73 Defects 340 731 Patent defects 341 732 Latent defects 342 74 Final accounts 343 741 Main contract final account 343 742 Issue and effect of the final payment certificate 346 743 Supply chain final accounts 348 744 Final project costs 349 75 Project closure 351 751 Feedback 351 752 Archiving and retrieval 352 Further Reading 355