TOHOKU, JAPAN, EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI OF 2011
PRINCIPLES ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT” ARE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES CONCERNING INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (UNITED NATIONS, 1998) 1 ALTHOUGH THESE GUIDING PRINCIPLES ARE NOT LEGALLY BINDING AS INTERNATIONAL TREATIES ARE, THEY WERE RECOGNIZED AS AN IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF INTERN- ALLY DISPLACED PERSONS AT THE WORLD SUMMIT IN 2005, AND HAVE BECOME A NORM FOR UNITED NATIONS MEMBER STATES WHEN ENACTING DOMESTIC LAWS AND POLICIES IN THIS SENSE, THEY FORM THE LEGAL BASIS FOR SUPPORTING THE RECOVERY AND REVITALIZATION OF EVACUEES FOLLOWING THE FDNPP ACCIDENT PRINCIPLE 28 IN “SECTION V –? PRINCIPLES RELATING TO RETURN, RESETTLEMENT AND REINTEGRATION” OF THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES PROVIDES THAT COMPETENT AUTHORITIES HAVE THE PRIMARY DUTY AND RESPONSIBILITY TO ESTABLISH CONDITIONS, AS WELL AS PROVIDE THE MEANS, WHICH ALLOW INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS TO RETURN VOLUNTARILY, IN SAFETY AND WITH DIGNITY, TO THEIR HOMES OR PLACES OF HABITUAL RESIDENCE, OR TO RESETTLE VOLUNTARILY IN ANOTHER PART OF THE COUNTRY SUCH AUTHORITIES SHALL ENDEAVOUR TO FACILITATE THE REINTEGRATION OF RETURNED OR RESETTLED INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS THIS CHAPTER SUMMARIZES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE RECOVERY AND REVITALIZATION POLICIES AND DISCUSSES THE ATTAINMENT OF THE RECOVERY AND REVI- TALIZATION OF FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE IN LIGHT OF THE ABOVE GUIDING PRINCIPLES BASED ON THE AUTHOR’S EXPERIENCE AS A CHAIRMAN OF THE RECOVERY AND REVITALIZATION PLANNING COMMITTEE OF THE FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURAL GOVERNMENT OFFICE AND THE GOVERNMENTS OF MUNICIPALITIES IN DOING SO, THIS CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS MANY OF THE UNDERLYING PROBLEMS THAT ARE VITAL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE JUSTICE-?RELATED ISSUES DISCUSSED BY OTHER AUTHORS IN THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS DEVELOPMENT OF FUKUSHIMA RECOVERY AND REVITALIZATION POLICIES MARCH 2011 –? DECEMBER 2011: THE BEGINNING OF FUKUSHIMA RECOVERY AND REVITALIZATION POLICIES IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE FDNPP ACCIDENT, THEN PRIME MINISTER NAOTO KAN ISSUED A DECLARATION OF A NUCLEAR EMERGENCY SITUATION BASED ON THE ACT ON SPECIAL MEASURES CONCERNING NUCLEAR EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, AND EVACUATION ORDERS WITHIN A TOHOKU, JAPAN, EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI OF