PRINCIPLES OF SOIL DYNAMICS
QUAY WALLS AT KOBE PORT IN JAPAN QUAY WALL AT KALAMATA HARBOUR IN GREECE QUAY WALL AT SAN ANTONIO PORT IN CHILE DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SLENDER RETAINING WALLS MECHANISM AND FACTORS STABILITY AGAINST FORWARD ROTATION STABILITY AGAINST BACKWARD ROTATION CAPACITY OF STRUT OR TIE AGAINST BREAK PULL OUT CAPACITY OF TIE OR ANCHOR EMPIRICAL BY FORMULAS NUMERICAL BY COMPUTER SOFTWARE EXPERIMENTAL ON PROTOTYPES AND SMALL SCALE MODELS SIMPLE MODEL AND ASSUMPTIONS DYNAMIC INCREMENT OF ACTIVE SOIL LATERAL FORCE EMBEDDED WALL OF CUT AND COVER SEPOLIA STATION IN GREECE ANCHORED WALL AT KERAMEIKOS STATION IN GREECE SHEET PILE QUAY WALLS IN AKITA PORT IN JAPAN BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL UNDER FOUNDATION STABILITY AGAINST SLIDING STABILITY AGAINST OVERTURNING SETTLEMENT DURING AND AFTER EARTHQUAKE EMPIRICAL USING FORMULAS AND CHARTS NUMERICAL USING COMPUTERS EXPERIMENTAL ON SMALL SCALE MODELS AND PROTOTYPES SIMPLE MODELS AND ASSUMPTIONS SETTLEMENT CAUSED BY SOIL VIBRATION KAWAGISHI CHO APARTMENT BUILDING FOUNDATION FAILURE IN JAPAN TERVELER BUILDING FOUNDATION FAILURE IN GAS TURBINE FOUNDATION VIBRATION IN GABON SETTLEMENT OF FOLEY SQUARE BUILDING FOUNDATION CAUSED BY PILE DRIVING AT MANHATTAN IN NEW YORK CITY USA SETTLEMENT OF A QUAY WALL IN KOBE CAUSED BY THE 1995 HYOGOKEN NANBU EARTHQUAKE IN JAPAN DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION SIMPLI ED ANALYSES RIGOROUS NUMERICAL ANALYSES SMALL SCALE MODELS FULL SCALE TEST PROTOTYPES TEN STOREY BUILDING IN MEXICO CITY TWELVE STOREY BUILDING IN YOKOHAMA JAPAN IMPERIAL VALLEY COUNTY SERVICES BUILDING DUMBARTON BRIDGE IN CALIFORNIA NORTHWEST CONNECTOR IN CALIFORNIA PAINTER STREET BRIDGE IN CALIFORNIA MELOLAND ROAD OVERPASS IN CALIFORNIA OHBA OHASHI ROAD BRIDGE IN JAPAN LANDING ROAD BRIDGE IN NEW ZEALAND YACHIYO BRIDGE IN JAPAN HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY IN KOBE JAPAN TUNNELS VERTICAL SHAFTS AND PIPELINES EMPIRICAL BASED ON FORMULAS AND GRAPHS NUMERICAL ANALYSES USING COMPUTER PROGRAMS SIMPLE METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS CUT AND COVER DAIKAI STATION IN JAPAN BOLU HIGHWAY TWIN SHOTCRETE SUPPORTED BENCH PILOT TUNNELS IN TURKEY DUZCE PIPELINES IN TURKEY GROUND VIBRATION CAUSED BY INDUSTRY TRANSPORTATION AND GROUND COMPACTION CASE HISTORY FROM A LIMESTONE QUARRY IN ISTANBUL CHAPTER 1 1 SCOPE ENGINEERS PREFER TO USE CODES FOR DESIGN OF STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS HOWEVER DESIGN CODES ARE VERY BRIEF CONCERNING THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES FOUNDATIONS TUNNELS PIPELINES AND WHEN THEY PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE BEST PRACTICE THESE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE LIMITED TO USUAL TYPES OF STRUCTURES BUILDINGS AND GROUND CONDITIONS THE USERS OF BRITISH STANDARDS ARE AWARE THAT COMPLIANCE WITH THEM DOES NOT NECESSARILY CONFER IMMU NITY FROM RELEVANT STATUTORY AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS OFTEN ENGINEERS NEED TO SEEK ADVICE AND HELP FROM SPECIALISTS IN SOIL DYNAMICS BECAUSE THE ISSUES IN SOIL DYNAM ICS ARE RATHER COMPLEX THE SPECIALIST USE SIMPLE CONSIDERATIONS AND METHODS NOT LEAST FOR CHECKING OF THE RESULTS OF MORE COMPLEX ANALYSES HENCE ENGINEERS CAN USE SIMPLE CONSIDERATIONS AND METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF A PROBLEM BEFORE ENGAGING SPECIALISTS FOR SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM THE AIM OF THIS VOLUME IS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE BASIC MECHANISMS AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE BEHAVIOUR OF GROUND AND BURIED STRUCTURES IN CYCLIC CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO HELP ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT THE ANALYSES ARE BASED ON WELL KNOWN ENGI NEERING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS THAT ARE FAMILIAR TO MANY READERS THE ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF THE SIMPLE ANALYSES ARE DEMONSTRATED FOR ACTUAL CASE HISTORIES INSTEAD OF USING NUMERICAL ANALYSES AND LABORATORY TESTING WHICH HAVE THEIR DISADVANTAGES SUCH AS COMPLEXITY HIGH COST AND LONG DURATION THE EQUATIONS PROVIDED IN THIS VOLUME ARE SUITABLE FOR HAND CALCULATIONS 1 2 CODES AND STANDARDS 1 2 1 NATIONAL INCREASING GLOBALIZATION AND SHARING OF INFORMATION HAS LED TO THE GRADUAL REPLACE MENT OF MANY NATIONAL CODES BY INTERNATIONAL ONES GENERALLY SUPPORTED BY COUNTRY SPECI C PROVISIONS WHERE DEEMED NECESSARY THE NATIONAL CODES ARE USUALLY SUBJECT ORIENTED CONCERNING THE EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES MACHINERY CONSTRUCTION MINING AND