FEMA 310: SEISMIC EVALUATION OF BUILDINGS
CONTENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SCOPE DE?NITIONS AND NOTATIONS DE?NITIONS NOTATIONS EVALUATION AND RETRO?T PROCESS SEISMIC EVALUATION PROCESS SELECTION OF PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE LEVEL OF SEISMICITY AS-BUILT INFORMATION EVALUATION PROCEDURES EVALUATION REPORT SEISMIC RETRO?T PROCESS INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS RETRO?T PROCEDURES RETRO?T STRATEGIES RETRO?T MEASURES VERI?CATION OF RETRO?T DESIGN CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND SEISMIC HAZARDS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES BASIC PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS (BPOE) ENHANCED PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES LIMITED PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES BASIC PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE EQUIVALENT TO NEW BUILDING STANDARDS (BPON) SYSTEM-SPECI?C PERFORMANCE PROCEDURES TARGET BUILDING PERFORMANCE LEVELS STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE LEVELS AND RANGES NONSTRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE LEVELS DESIGNATION OF TARGET BUILDING PERFORMANCE LEVELS SEISMIC HAZARD GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD CAUSED BY GROUND SHAKING SITE-SPECI?C PROCEDURE FOR HAZARDS CAUSED BY GROUND SHAKING EVALUATION AND RETROFIT REQUIREMENTS BUILDING TYPE BUILDING CON?GURATION COMPONENT PROPERTIES SITE AND FOUNDATION INFORMATION ADJACENT BUILDINGS EVALUATION AND RETRO?T PROCEDURES LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF THE TIER 1 AND 2 EVALUATION AND RETRO?T PROCEDURES TIER 1 SCREENING PROCEDURE TIER 2 DE?CIENCY-BASED EVALUATION AND RETRO?T PROCEDURES TIER 3 SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND RETRO?T PROCEDURES TIER 1 SCREENING PERFORMANCE LEVEL SEISMIC HAZARD LEVEL SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION REQUIRED ON-SITE INVESTIGATION AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT DEFAULT MATERIAL VALUES DEFAULT MATERIAL PROPERTIES BENCHMARK BUILDINGS SELECTION AND USE OF CHECKLISTS TIER 1 ANALYSIS OVERVIEW SEISMIC FORCES QUICK CHECKS FOR STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS TIER 2 DEFICIENCY-BASED EVALUATION AND RETROFIT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PERFORMANCE LEVEL AND SEISMIC HAZARD LEVEL CONDITION ASSESSMENT TIER 2 ANALYSIS METHODS TIER 2 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE FACTOR TIER 2 DE?CIENCY-BASED EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURES FOR BASIC CON?GURATION OF BUILDING SYSTEMS GENERAL GEOLOGIC SITE HAZARDS AND FOUNDATION COMPONENTS PROCEDURES FOR SEISMIC-FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEMS PROCEDURES FOR MOMENT FRAMES PROCEDURES FOR SHEAR WALLS PROCEDURES FOR BRACED FRAMES PROCEDURES FOR DIAPHRAGMS GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR DIAPHRAGMS PROCEDURES FOR WOOD DIAPHRAGMS PROCEDURES FOR METAL DECK DIAPHRAGMS PROCEDURES FOR PRECAST CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS DIAPHRAGMS OTHER THAN WOOD, METAL DECK, CONCRETE, OR HORIZONTAL BRACING PROCEDURES FOR CONNECTIONS ANCHORAGE FOR NORMAL FORCES CONNECTIONS FOR SHEAR TRANSFER CONNECTIONS FOR VERTICAL ELEMENTS INTERCONNECTION OF ELEMENTS ROOF AND WALL PANEL CONNECTIONS TIER 2 DE? CIENCY-BASED RETRO?T REQUIREMENTS TIER 3 SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND RETROFIT DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS USUAL DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS COMPREHENSIVE DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS TIER 3 EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS TIER 3 RETRO?T REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PROCEDURES AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA GENERAL ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PROCEDURES COMPONENT GRAVITY LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS MATHEMATICAL MODELING CON?GURATION MULTIDIRECTIONAL SEISMIC EFFECTS P-? EFFECTS SOIL–STRUCTURE INTERACTION OVERTURNING DIAPHRAGMS, CHORDS, COLLECTORS, AND TIES CONTINUITY STRUCTURAL WALLS AND THEIR ANCHORAGE STRUCTURES SHARING COMMON ELEMENTS BUILDING SEPARATION VERI?CATION OF ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS ANALYSIS PROCEDURE SELECTION LINEAR PROCEDURES NONLINEAR PROCEDURES ALTERNATIVE RATIONAL ANALYSIS LINEAR STATIC PROCEDURE (LSP) LINEAR DYNAMIC PROCEDURE (LDP) NONLINEAR STATIC PROCEDURE NSP NONLINEAR DYNAMIC PROCEDURE (NDP) ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ALTERNATIVE MODELING PARAMETERS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA EXPERIMENTAL SETUP DATA REDUCTION AND REPORTING ANALYSIS PARAMETERS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR SUBASSEMBLIES BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOUNDATIONS AND GEOLOGIC SITE HAZARDS SITE CHARACTERIZATION FOUNDATION INFORMATION SEISMIC–GEOLOGIC SITE HAZARDS MITIGATION OF SEISMIC–GEOLOGIC SITE HAZARDS FOUNDATION STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS EXPECTED FOUNDATION CAPACITIES LOAD-DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS PILE FOUNDATIONS DRILLED SHAFTS DEEP FOUNDATION ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA KINEMATIC INTERACTION AND RADIATION DAMPING SOIL–STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS KINEMATIC INTERACTION FOUNDATION DAMPING SOIL–STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS SEISMIC EARTH PRESSURE FOUNDATION RETRO?T STEEL MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROPERTIES OF IN-PLACE MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS STIFFNESS STRENGTH AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA STEEL MOMENT FRAMES FULLY RESTRAINED (FR) MOMENT FRAMES PARTIALLY RESTRAINED (PR) MOMENT FRAMES STEEL BRACED FRAMES CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACED FRAMES STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS STIFFNESS OF STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS STRENGTH OF STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS RETRO?T MEASURES FOR STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS STEEL FRAMES WITH IN?LLS DIAPHRAGMS BARE METAL DECK DIAPHRAGMS METAL DECK DIAPHRAGMS WITH STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOPPING METAL DECK DIAPHRAGMS WITH NONSTRUCTURAL TOPPING HORIZONTAL STEEL BRACING (STEEL TRUSS DIAPHRAGMS) ARCHAIC DIAPHRAGMS CHORD AND COLLECTOR ELEMENTS STEEL PILE FOUNDATIONS STIFFNESS OF STEEL PILE FOUNDATIONS STRENGTH OF STEEL PILE FOUNDATIONS ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR STEEL PILE FOUNDATIONS RETRO?T MEASURES FOR STEEL PILE FOUNDATIONS CAST AND WROUGHT IRON STIFFNESS OF CAST AND WROUGHT IRON STRENGTH AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR CAST AND WROUGHT IRON CONCRETE MODELING AND DESIGN STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS SHEAR AND TORSION DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT CONNECTIONS TO EXISTING CONCRETE CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES TYPES OF CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM–COLUMN MOMENT FRAMES POSTTENSIONED CONCRETE BEAM–COLUMN MOMENT FRAMES SLAB–COLUMN MOMENT FRAMES PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES TYPES OF PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES EXPECTED TO RESIST SEISMIC FORCES PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES NOT EXPECTED TO RESIST SEISMIC FORCES DIRECTLY CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN?LLS TYPES OF CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN?LLS CONCRETE FRAMES WITH MASONRY IN?LLS CONCRETE FRAMES WITH CONCRETE IN?LLS CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS TYPES OF CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS AND ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS, WALL SEGMENTS, AND COUPLING BEAMS PRECAST CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS TYPES OF PRECAST SHEAR WALLS PRECAST CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS AND WALL SEGMENTS CONCRETE BRACED FRAMES TYPES OF CONCRETE BRACED FRAMES STIFFNESS OF CONCRETE BRACED FRAMES STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BRACED FRAMES ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR CONCRETE BRACED FRAMES RETRO?T MEASURES FOR CONCRETE BRACED FRAMES CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS COMPONENTS OF CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS RETRO?T MEASURES FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS C10 10 3 RETRO?T MEASURES FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS PRECAST CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS COMPONENTS OF PRECAST CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR PRECAST CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS RETRO?T MEASURES FOR PRECAST CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS C10 11 3 RETRO?T MEASURES FOR PRECAST CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS TYPES OF CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS EVALUATION OF EXISTING CONDITION RETRO?T MEASURES FOR CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS C10 12 4 RETRO?T MEASURES FOR CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS MASONRY CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES MASONRY WALLS TYPES OF MASONRY WALLS UNREINFORCED MASONRY (URM) WALLS AND WALL PIERS SUBJECT TO IN-PLANE ACTIONS UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS SUBJECT TO OUT-OF-PLANE ACTIONS REINFORCED MASONRY WALLS AND WALL PIERS IN-PLANE REINFORCED MASONRY WALL OUT-OF-PLANE ACTIONS MASONRY IN?LLS TYPES OF MASONRY IN?LLS MASONRY IN?LL IN-PLANE ACTIONS MASONRY IN?LL WALL OUT-OF-PLANE ACTIONS ANCHORAGE TO MASONRY WALLS TYPES OF ANCHORS ANALYSIS OF ANCHORS QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ANCHORS IN MASONRY WALLS MASONRY FOUNDATION ELEMENTS TYPES OF MASONRY FOUNDATIONS ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FOUNDATIONS FOUNDATION RETRO?T MEASURES WOOD AND COLD-FORMED STEEL LIGHT FRAME CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS COMPONENTS SUPPORTING DISCONTINUOUS SHEAR WALLS WOOD AND CFS LIGHT-FRAME SHEAR WALLS TYPES OF WOOD FRAME SHEAR WALLS TYPES OF CFS LIGHT-FRAME SHEAR WALLS STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, AND CONNECTION DESIGN FOR WOOD FRAME SHEAR WALLS STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, AND CONNECTION DESIGN FOR CFS LIGHT-FRAME SHEAR WALLS WOOD DIAPHRAGMS TYPES OF WOOD DIAPHRAGMS STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, AND CONNECTION DESIGN FOR WOOD DIAPHRAGMS WOOD FOUNDATIONS TYPES OF WOOD FOUNDATIONS ANALYSIS, STRENGTH, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR WOOD FOUNDATIONS RETRO?T MEASURES FOR WOOD FOUNDATIONS OTHER WOOD ELEMENTS AND COMPONENTS ARCHITECTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS EVALUATION AND RETRO?T PROCEDURE FOR NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS DATA COLLECTION AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT CLASSI?CATION OF ACCELERATION-SENSITIVE AND DEFORMATION-SENSITIVE COMPONENTS COMPONENT EVALUATION ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE PRESCRIPTIVE PROCEDURE FORCE ANALYSIS: GENERAL EQUATIONS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS COMPONENT TESTING RETRO?T APPROACHES ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS: DE?NITION, BEHAVIOR, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA EXTERIOR WALL COMPONENTS PARTITIONS INTERIOR VENEERS CEILINGS PARAPETS AND CORNICES ARCHITECTURAL APPENDAGES AND MARQUEES CHIMNEYS AND STACKS STAIRS AND STAIR ENCLOSURES DOORS REQUIRED FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES EGRESS IN ESSENTIAL FACILITIES MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND PLUMBING COMPONENTS: DE?NITION, BEHAVIOR, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT STORAGE VESSELS AND WATER HEATERS PRESSURE PIPING FIRE SUPPRESSION PIPING FLUID PIPING OTHER THAN FIRE SUPPRESSION DUCTWORK ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATIONS DISTRIBUTION COMPONENTS LIGHT FIXTURES FURNISHINGS AND INTERIOR EQUIPMENT: DE?NITION, BEHAVIOR, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA STORAGE RACKS CONTENTS COMPUTER ACCESS FLOORS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION RACKS ELEVATORS CONVEYORS SEISMIC ISOLATION AND ENERGY DISSIPATION SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MODELING OF SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS GENERAL CRITERIA FOR SEISMIC ISOLATION DESIGN NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS DETAILED SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ISOLATION SYSTEM TESTING AND DESIGN PROPERTIES PASSIVE ENERGY DISSIPATION SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES MODELING OF ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES LINEAR ANALYSIS PROCEDURES NONLINEAR ANALYSIS PROCEDURES DETAILED SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS DESIGN REVIEW REQUIRED TESTS OF ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES OTHER RESPONSE CONTROL SYSTEMS SYSTEM-SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE PROCEDURES SPECIAL PROCEDURE FOR UNREINFORCED MASONRY ANALYSIS TIER 1 CHECKLISTS BASIC CHECKLISTS VERY LOW SEISMICITY CHECKLIST 16 1 2LS LIFE SAFETY BASIC CON?GURATION CHECKLIST C16 1 2LS LIFE SAFETY BASIC CON?GURATION CHECKLIST 16 1 2IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY BASIC CON?GURATION CHECKLIST C16 1 2IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY BASIC CON?GURATION CHECKLIST 16 2LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES W1: WOOD LIGHT FRAMES AND W1A: MULTI-STORY, MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL WOOD FRAME C16 2LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES W1: WOOD LIGHT FRAMES AND W1A: MULTI-STORY, MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL WOOD FRAME 16 2IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES W1: WOOD LIGHT FRAMES AND W1A: MULTI-STORY, MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL WOOD FRAME C16 2IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES W1: WOOD LIGHT FRAMES AND W1A: MULTI-STORY, MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL WOOD FRAME 16 3LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE W2: WOOD FRAMES, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE W2: WOOD FRAMES, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 16 3IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE W2: WOOD FRAMES, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL C16 3IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE W2: WOOD FRAMES, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 16 4LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S1: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S1A: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 4LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S1: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND TYPE S1A: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 4IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S1: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S1A: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 4IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S1: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND TYPE S1A: STEEL MOMENT FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 5LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S2: STEEL BRACED FRAMES WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S2A: STEEL BRACED FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 5LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S2: STEEL BRACED FRAMES WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S2A: STEEL BRACED FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 5IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S2: STEEL BRACED FRAMES AND S2A: STEEL BRACED FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 5IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S2: STEEL BRACED FRAMES WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S2A: STEEL BRACED FRAMES WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 6LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S3: STEEL LIGHT FRAMES C16 6LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S3: STEEL LIGHT FRAMES 16 6IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S3: STEEL LIGHT FRAMES C16 6IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S3: STEEL LIGHT FRAMES 16 7LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S4: DUAL SYSTEMS WITH BACKUP STEEL MOMENT FRAMES AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 7LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S4: DUAL SYSTEMS WITH BACKUP STEEL MOMENT FRAMES AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS 16 7IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S4: DUAL SYSTEMS WITH BACKUP STEEL MOMENT FRAMES AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 7IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE S4: DUAL SYSTEMS WITH BACKUP STEEL MOMENT FRAMES AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS 16 8LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S5: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S5A: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 8LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S5: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S5A: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 8IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S5: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S5A: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 8IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES S5: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND S5A: STEEL FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 9LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE C1: CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES C16 9LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE C1: CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES 16 9IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE C1: CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES C16 9IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE C1: CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES 16 10LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C2: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND C2A: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 10LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C2: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND C2A: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 10IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C2: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND C2A: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 10IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C2: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND C2A: CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 11LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C3: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND C3A: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 11LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C3: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND C3A: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 11IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C3: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND STIFF DIAPHRAGMS AND C3A: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN? LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS C16 11IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES C3: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND C3A: CONCRETE FRAMES WITH IN?LL MASONRY SHEAR WALLS AND FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS 16 12LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES PC1: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND PC1A: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 12LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES PC1: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND PC1A: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS 16 12IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES PC1: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND PC1A: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 12IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES PC1: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND PC1A: PRECAST OR TILT-UP CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS 16 13LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITH SHEAR WALLS C16 13LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITH SHEAR WALLS 16 13IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITH SHEAR WALLS C16 13IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITH SHEAR WALLS 16 14LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2A: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITHOUT SHEAR WALLS C16 14LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2A: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITHOUT SHEAR WALLS 16 14IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2A: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITHOUT SHEAR WALLS C16 14IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPE PC2A: PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMES WITHOUT SHEAR WALLS 16 15LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES RM1: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND RM2: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 15LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES RM1: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND RM2: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS 16 15IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES RM1: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS AND RM1A: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 15IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES RM1: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND RM1A: REINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS 16 16LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES URM: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND URMA: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 16LS LIFE SAFETY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES URM: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND URMA: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS 16 16IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES URM: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND URMA: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS C16 16IO IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY STRUCTURAL CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING TYPES URM: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS AND URMA: UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALLS WITH STIFF DIAPHRAGMS NONSTRUCTURAL CHECKLIST REFERENCE DOCUMENTS CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND OTHER REFERENCE DOCUMENTS COMMENTARY REFERENCES CHAPTER AND SUPERSEDES ASCE 31-03 BECAUSE CONTENT FROM THAT STANDARD HAS BEEN INCORPORATED INTO THIS STANDARD APPLICABILITY OF THE STANDARD: THIS STANDARD IS INTENDED TO SERVE AS A NATIONALLY APPLICABLE TOOL FOR DESIGN PROFESSIONALS, CODE OF?CIALS, AND BUILDING OWNERS UNDERTAKING THE SEISMIC EVALUATION OR RETRO?T OF EXISTING BUILDINGS THE EVALUATION AND RETRO?T REQUIREMENTS ARE INTENDED TO BE USED FOR EITHER MANDATORY REQUIREMENT BY AN AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION OR FOR VOLUNTARY STANDARDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES (SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 1992); STANDARDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES WITH GUIDELINES FOR PRESERVING, REHABILITATING, RESTORING, AND RECONSTRUCTING HISTORIC BUILDINGS (SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 1995 ); NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CATALOG OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS PRESERVATION BRIEFS (NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1995 ) CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL BUILDING CODE (CBSC 2010B ); 1998 PROCEEDINGS ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR HISTORIC SITES (SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 1998); AND TECHNICAL PRESERVATION SERVICES FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS SALES PUBLICATION CATALOG, AVAILABLE ONLINE AT WWW CR NPS GOV/HPS/TPS/INDEX HTM INTENT OF THIS STANDARD: IT IS EXPECTED THAT MOST BUILDINGS SHOWN TO BE IN COMPLIANCE OR RETRO?TTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS STANDARD WOULD PERFORM WITHIN THE DESIRED LEVELS WHEN SUBJECTED TO THE SELECTED EARTHQUAKE(S) HOWEVER, COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD DOES NOT GUARANTEE SUCH PERFORMANCE; RATHER, IT REPRE- SENTS THE CURRENT STANDARD OF PRACTICE IN DESIGNING TO ATTAIN THIS PERFORMANCE THE PRACTICE OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING IS RAPIDLY EVOLVING, AND BOTH THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE BEHAVIOR OF BUILD- INGS SUBJECTED TO STRONG EARTHQUAKES AND THE ABILITY TO PREDICT THIS BEHAVIOR ARE ADVANCING IN THE FUTURE, NEW KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY WILL IMPROVE THE RELIABILITY OF ACCOMPLISHING THESE GOALS FEATURED IN THIS STANDARD ARE DESCRIPTIONS OF DAMAGE STATES IN RELATION TO SPECI?C PERFORMANCE LEVELS THESE DESCRIPTIONS ARE INTENDED TO AID THE AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION, DESIGN PROFES- SIONALS, AND OWNERS IN SELECTING APPROPRIATE PERFORMANCE LEVELS FOR EVALUATION AND RETRO?T DESIGN THEY ARE NOT INTENDED TO BE USED FOR CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE-DAMAGED BUILDINGS ALTHOUGH THERE MAY BE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THESE DAMAGE DESCRIPTIONS AND THOSE USED FOR POSTEARTHQUAKE DAMAGE ASSESS- MENT, MANY FACTORS ENTER INTO THE PROCESSES OF ASSESSING SEISMIC PERFORMANCE NO SINGLE PARAMETER IN THIS STANDARD SHOULD BE CITED AS DE?NING EITHER A PERFORMANCE LEVEL OR THE SAFETY OR USEFULNESS OF AN EARTHQUAKE-DAMAGED BUILDING GUIDANCE FOR PROGRAMS, ORDINANCES, AND LAWS: THIS STAN- DARD DOES NOT EXPLICITLY ADDRESS THE DETERMINATION OF WHETHER OR NOT AN EVALUATION OR RETRO?T PROJECT SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN FOR A PARTICULAR BUILDING GUIDANCE ON THE USE OF THIS STANDARD IN VOL- UNTARY, MANDATORY, OR CODE-TRIGGERED RISK-MITIGATION PROGRAMS IS PROVIDED IN APPENDIX B DETERMINING WHERE THESE PROVISIONS SHOULD BE REQUIRED IS BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS STANDARD ONCE THE DECISION TO EVALUATE OR RETRO?T A BUILDING HAS BEEN MADE, THIS STANDARD CAN BE REFERENCED FOR DETAILED ENGINEERING GUIDANCE ON HOW TO CONDUCT A SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN COORDINATING WITH CODES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ORDI- NANCES: APPLICATION OF THESE PROVISIONS SHOULD BE COORDINATED W